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Phaedo by plato essay
Plato's skepticism in phaedo
Phaedo by plato summary
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HUM2225 Dr. Hotchkiss September 30, 2016 Moral Insight Plato’s Euthyphro is based on a lesson between Socrates and Euthyphro outside of the Athenian court about the definition of pious or impious. Euthyphro was surprised to see Socrates there and even more curious to find out why he was there. Socrates explained that the court was persecuting him for impiety because Meletus was spreading rumors about him corrupting the Athenian youth. Euthyphro explains to Socrates that he was there to prosecute his father for murdering a farm worker named Dionysus.
In the dialogue of “Crito,” written by Plato, Socrates and Crito are in a situation where they are debating if Socrates should stay in jail or escape jail. Crito believes that Socrates should escape jail because if he does not, he would be betraying his children. Crito supports his argument by also explaining that the government was wrong about putting Socrates in jail and he should therefore, escape. Socrates considers Crito’s argument but then states that he shall stay in jail, for it is his purpose of obeying the government. Socrates explains his reasonings by creating imaginary conversations of having a talk with the jury.
“Realizing that the same applies to the soul when someone sees a soul disturbed and unable to see something, he won’t laugh mindlessly, but he’ll take into consideration whether it has come from a brighter life and is dimmed through not yet having become accustomed to the dark or whether it has come from greater ignorance into greater light and is dazzled by the increased brilliance. ”(Plato5) This quote shows how the intellect is related to the human soul. How they don’t anticipate exploring and extending their knowledge. As they decide to stay in their comfort zone or just fear a reality.
Plato writes, “And suppose someone tells him that what he’s been seeing all this time has no substance, and that he’s now closer to reality and is seeing more accurately, because of the greater reality of the things in front of his eyes -- what do you imagine his
The final argument of Plato’s Phaedo was created to prove souls cannot perish. Plato does so by arguing how a soul cannot die nor cease to exist on the same fundamental grounds of how the number three can never be even. For the number three holds the essence of being odd, without being odd entirely. Similarly, a soul holds the essence of life through immortality, however the soul is not immortal itself and only participates in immortality, just as the number three participates in being odd. Additionally, an essence or form cannot admit to the opposite of itself just as small cannot be large simultaneously, and hot cannot be cold.
The adversary referred to as the ‘lover’ of images and sounds has a commitment that does not exceed the sphere of the sensible thus denies the existence of Form. Plato argues that the lover of senses only investigates practical subjects, but never knowledge. This is because knowledge is about ‘what is’ while that ‘is and is not’ only perceives objects. Plato presents an inaccurate argument because sensitive objects cannot be excluded
Brian Diaz Professor Siddiqui Philosophy 1 20 January 2018 Second Paper: Conceptual Reconstruction (Crito, Meno, Phaedo) The dialogue of the Crito, by Plato, recounts the last days of Socrates ' life. In the dialogue Socrates ' old friend, Crito, proposes that Socrates escape from Athenian prison. Crito is a wealthy man from outside of town, a student of Socrates, and an old friend.
Conclusion: The mind is substantively different from the body and indeed matter in general. Because in this conception the mind is substantively distinct from the body it becomes plausible for us to doubt the intuitive connection between mind and body. Indeed there are many aspects of the external world that do not appear to have minds and yet appear none the less real in spite of this for example mountains, sticks or lamps, given this we can begin to rationalize that perhaps minds can exist without bodies, and we only lack the capacity to perceive them.
Eric A. Havelock’s Preface to Plato is exceeded by the enjoyment in brings in reading only by the logical and cohesive argument that is being advanced. The prompt for this paper is to “discuss what you believe to be the most important single contribution” of this amazing book. Although there are many ideas that could feasibly be seen as meeting this requirement, however, all of these claims feed in to the central claim of the book and what I believe is the only logical response to this prompt. Havelock’s central claim is that Plato believed that poetics had no value in the Academy because it was uncritical, subjective and a simple memory aid.
Truth is often a term that is taken into consideration when one is verbally speaking, but most find it rather difficult to truly define truth. While every person can attempt to uniquely give their own interpretation to what the world regards as truth, the realm of philosophy presents several brilliants ideas about the concept. In general, the study of philosophy recognizes two truths: objective and subjective. Objective truth can be described as truth that has always existed whether one knows it or not, while subjective truth is dependent on the person’s ideas and feelings towards a reality. Influential and well-known philosophers such as Mortimer J. Adler and Plato have contributed thoughts that often present similar ideas about the definition
The second point being The Forms. Plato assumes that if someone discovered the Form of the Good (like the released prisoner) they would never go back to their old ways. Can this be true? It can be seen that Plato underestimates the pull from emotions, desires, lusts, drives, and physical pleasure. The past has shown people doing the right thing or doing the wrong thing in situations.
Socrates in the dialogue Alcibiades written by Plato provides an argument as to why the self is the soul rather than the body. In this dialogue Alcibiades and Socrates get into a discussion on how to cultivate the self which they both mutually agree is the soul, and how to make the soul better by properly taking care of it. One way Socrates describes the relationship between the soul and the body is by analogy of user and instrument, the former being the entity which has the power to affect the latter. In this paper I will explain Socrates’ arguments on why the self is the soul and I will comment on what it means to cultivate it.
In book 2 Plato is concerned that arts mainly poetry are a problem when it comes to creating the ideal city. One of his concerns is that myths about gods are false and provide false representations of gods. He argues that telling children lies and stories about gods murdering, running away from a battle and committing bad deeds can stir up emotions in young brains. It allows children who will grow up to become guardians feel that committing bad deeds is not wrong because gods and heroes in stories have down so. It also allows them to be vulnerable encouraging them to be fearful.
In Plato’s, Phaedo, one of the arguments that Socrates makes for justifying his theory about the soul being immortal is the argument of opposites. The argument of opposites is found from 70c to 72c in the Phaedo. The argument is not logically valid as there are a few fallacies that occur with the definition of opposites with which Socrates defines his argument. This argument ultimately fails at being logically valid as contrary to premise 1, all things that have an opposite do not come from only their opposites. Socrates also does not specify in this argument whether he is referring to the soul dying or the body dying in the final premises.
Searching for the truth is very challenging, as the world today entrenched in lies. Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” briefly tells a story about cavemen being chained on most parts of their body, restring all movement including their head, since childhood. Then, he discussed the consequences inflicted onto the cavemen, specifically their perspective towards the truth after being chained for a long period of time in the dark cave, which resembles many events occurring in a person’s daily life. Based on the discussed effects, the author argues that human beings should always seek the real meaning of truth.