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Social Bond Theory

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There are many theories on criminology and the motive as to why people commit crimes, however, one of the most influential social process theory has been presented by Travis Hirschi. The social bonding theory is a control theory that seeks to explain why people engage or refrain from crime. Hirschi based his theory on the assumption that people are inherently tempted to violate the law. Rather than focusing on why people engage in criminal activity, Hirschi devoted his time to dissecting the reasons as to why people refrain from breaking the law. The main proposition of Hirschi’s theory is that delinquency is the result of weak or broken bonds between the individual and society (Kelley, 1996). These social bonds are composed of four highly interconnected elements consisting of attachment, …show more content…

Thus, the more emotionally attached we are to others, the less likely we are to misbehave because we fear disappointing those we care about. The next element of the social bond theory is commitment, in which Hirschi defines as the personal stakes that an individual makes in conformity. Hirschi justifies his idea of commitment by reinstating the reward system - people are reluctant to commit crimes because doing so would threaten their future rewards. The third element of the social bond theory is involvement or the time invested in social activities. Involvement is a significant part of Hirschi’s theory because the more time a person spends in prosocial activities, the less likely they are to commit a crime because there is limited time to do so. The last element of Hirschi’s theory is belief, which refers to the way individuals perceive and accept societal values, norms, and laws. Those who accept and appreciate these societal values, norms, and laws are less likely to deviate from

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While a few theories are not as regular, others have developed and are utilized as a part of numerous criminal reviews today. Cutting edge criminologists consolidate the most important aspects of sociology, psychology, anthropology, and biological theories to advance their comprehension of criminal behavior. Rational choice theory, psychological, biological, and strain theory are used to analyze the

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Literature review: spending of government sometimes cannot be stimulative because the government each money may be one dollar can injects to the tax that comes in economy or it is borrow in the future out of the economy. Tax rebates not always help the economy to increase because it comes under government grants and they do not encourage productivity Federal spending is considered as out of control and can grow faster when they are projected in the future that can burdens Americans and making future saddle foe generations with a massive, and cannot be affordable debt. It is necessary that congress should cut current spending and can save for future through entitlement reforms. It can be achievable by not raising taxes and assuring the grants

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Within the past couple of decades, criminologists have developed different criminological theories that apply to the social behaviors and decisions of criminals. One of the earliest theories developed regarding criminality is the rational choice theory, in which describes the rationalization of determining if the rewards from committing the crime outweigh the consequences. In Scarver’s case, his decision to engage in criminal activities outweighed the potential consequences, or the other alternatives if he did not engage in such criminal activities. In addition to the rational choice theory, Scarver’s criminality can be related to the social disorganization theory, which describes the influence of one’s social and physical environment on one’s decision to commit a crime. Lastly, the strain theory can be related to Scarver’s criminality as well, as it is used to describe an individual who lacks the means to obtain such goals, and aspirations, so therefore, he or she engages in criminal activities to acquire the goals.

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This theory is also based upon four concepts or elements found with social bonds: attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement, all of which contribute to criminal behavior. Social bonds are the interpersonal relationships we form with family, teachers, friends, employers and even neighbors. Self-control also plays a part in this theory because if a person does not possess self-control, the person is more prone to engaging in criminal activity because they do not want to violate social norms or hurt others. The stronger these elements are; the less likely criminal behavior takes

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1702 Words | 7 Pages

The theory of Gottredson and Hirschi (1990) is the most popular theory in explaining crime. It originated from pure classical theory that people seek to enhance their own pleasure in committing criminal acts without special predisposition. As a whole, the theory is then called today as control theories which emphasize the prevention of crime through consequences painful to the individual in respect to their location and sanctions systems. The theory of Gottfredson and Hirschi became popular because they based it to the criminality of the individual in pursuit of self-interest in relation to self-control. The clear idea of self-control is that, people also differ in the level to which they are susceptible to temptation on the existence of social

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For social control theory, the underlying view of human nature includes the conception of free will, thereby giving offenders the capacity of choice, and responsibility for their behavior. As such, social control theory is aligned more with the classical school of criminology than with positivist or determinist

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841 Words | 4 Pages

Social process theory has several subdivisions including: social control theory, social learning theory and social reaction (labeling) theory (will only focus on social control theory). Social control theory insinuates every person has the possibility of becoming a criminal, but most people are influenced by their bonds to society. It contends that individuals obey the law and are less likely to commit crime if they have: learned self-control, attachment (to family, friends, peers, education, etc.), commitment (to school, learning, etc.), involvement (in leisure activities, sports, etc.), and belief (those that are positive). According to social control theory, an individual is more likely to be criminal/deviant if they are detached and alienated (from friends, education, family, etc.),

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The second part is commitment where a person will think if the deviant behavior is a respectable way to proceed. Specifically, people that place school, work, and social activities as a center point in their lives would be less likely to engage in crime. The factor of involvement, which is the third point, is a person’s choice to get involved in conventional versus deviant behavior. People that spend more time doing activities like softball practice or field hockey practice don’t have time to commit a crime. As a result, they are productive in other socially acceptable ways.

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1336 Words | 6 Pages

Social learning theory and social bonding theory are two theories that may be compared and contrasted because they both overlap and differ. Although these theories have their similarities and differences, one theory may prove to be more convincing in terms of applying the theory to the understanding of crime and delinquency. Social learning theory refers to Akers’ theory of crime and deviance. Akers attempted to specify the mechanism and processes through which criminal learning takes place by explaining crime and deviance; he did this in such a way that the likelihood of conforming or deviant behavior based on the influence of an individual’s history of learning was accounted for. This theory was based off Sutherland’s differential association theory, which had nine propositions outlining the process by which individuals acquire attitudes favorable to criminal or delinquent behavior with the basic idea that people tend to associate with others in which they come into contact.

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Pratt, T. C., Gau, J. M., & Franklin, T. W. (2011). Key idea: Hirschi's social bond/social control theory. In Key ideas in criminology and criminal justice. (pp. 55-71). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483388045.n5 6.

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In this theory Hirschi explains that peers can have a control on your behavior especially those who do not abide by the law. Since Sanchez did not have the attachment to a parent he sought to find it in the gang which contradicts the idea that the lack of attachment can lead to misconduct in teens. The idea of an attachment in the text refers to it positively however in the context of the novel it was a negative one thus leading him to crime. Moreover, commitment is “the investment one has in activities” that will be of benefit to the individual. Towards the end of the novel Sanchez began to commit himself to change.

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820 Words | 4 Pages

One of the most analyzed theories in criminology today is the social learning theory. The social learning theory derives from the differential association theory by Dr. Edward Sutherland. The social learning theory of criminology says that individuals learn from the community around them. This happens in two ways by differential association and differential reinforcement. Differential association is the theory that individuals learn values and behaviors related with crime.

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Which causes these individuals to do all sorts of crime because they believe that is the right way to go. Moreover, the General theory of crime, is similar to developmental theory, due to general theory of crime reflecting someone self-control. In other words, because of these individuals having low self-control, there is a higher chance of them committing crime. However, those with higher self- control, can try to find a way to escape criminal actions. This chapter was very interesting and eye opening.

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The set of the structural-functional theories are among the most widespread perspectives on the juvenile delinquency. The group of the theories regards that the behavior of the underage delinquent is caused by the breakdown of the social process that consequently results in the increase of conformity (Thompson & Bynum, 2016). The group of theories presumably blame institutions that are responsible for the socialization of the young delinquents for the way the socialize the individuals by causing them to conform to the values of the society. One of the central theories of the juvenile delinquency is the anomie theory that is rooted in the early studies by the sociologist Emile Durkheim.

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