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Social Classes In The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx

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In the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx defined the two main social classes a communist society as the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. Are these two social classes still prevalent in modern society? Yes, they are now known as the Middle class and the Lower or “working” class. In his theory, Marx states that the Bourgeoisie or the “capitalist class” are the ruling class of the two basic classes of capitalist society. They are the employers of laborers and are the owners of production. They were not the royals of society, but would be considered the owners of major corporations, manufactures, land-owners, and other employers. The wealth of the Bourgeoisie came from by employing labor. By employing workers, the Bourgeoisie created the surplus
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Bourgeoisie and Proletariat: Bourgeoisie is defined as a type of social class that is typically dominated by the middle class. They were constantly striving to be respected and powerful in political matters. The Proletariats were the lowest class on the social hierarchy. The Bourgeoisie revolutionized industry and modernized society at the expense of the Proletariats resulting in revolutionary tensions (“Vladimir Lenin”). 10.

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According to Marx society was divided into two classes that were in eternal conflict in the battle for resources, or as Marx coined; “the means of production”. The first class were the bourgeoisie, which Marx described as the sole owners of the means of production as well as the media. The bourgeoisie used their power and influence to exploit the second class, which Marx called the proletariat which consisted of all the workers of the world. Marx rejected the idea that the wealthy pulled themselves from their own bootstraps, which he called “false consciousness” and in return coined the term “class consciousness”, which referred to a persons awareness of their own social status, especially in terms of class conflict. Overall, Marx concluded that social order is created maintained by domination and power.

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The bourgeoisie is the modern capitalist class, while the proletarian is the class of working laborers. Marx’s view of the bourgeoisie was particularly one-sided. He believed that the bourgeoisie only ambition was acquire wealth and power through the means of production. Also he believed that the bourgeoisie would exploit any and all resources at his disposal which included the labor class of the proletarian. Marx view the proletarian as the creation of the bourgeoisie.

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Social inequalities can be described as the differences in “income, resources, power and status” (Naidoo and Wills 2008, in Warwick-Booth 2013, 2) that advantage a social class, a group or an individual over another, and thereby establish social hierarchies. It also affects inequalities in regards to gender, race, access to health and education, and general living conditions. In sociology, the dichotomy between the conflict theory approach and the functionalist approach has led to a discordant opinion in regards to social inequalities. The conflict theory seems to admit that social inequalities needs to disappear in order to install a common and equal base for all individuals, whereas the functionalist approach believes that social inequalities

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Merriam-Webster dictionary defines a social class as “a division of society based on social and economic status”. This definition is evident by the way America defines its society through income level, possessions, and more, whether it be directly through the treatment from others or indirectly from the business world. Throughout the years, the imbalance between the poor and wealthy has become more dramatic due in part to the roller coaster economy with the idea of America’s class system becoming exceptionally controversial. In the United States, poverty continues to rise while the wealth is savored by the ones who already have it.

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Social class is a group of people with similar levels of wealth, influence, and status. There are five common social classes recognized in many societies which are the upper class, upper-middle class, middle class, working class, and lower class. The upper class represents heads of multinational corporations and capitalist elite such as Bill Gates of Microsoft and Michael Eisner of Disney. Besides, the upper-middle class people are highly educated and has professional careers with sky-high incomes such as doctors, lawyers and midsized business owners. Next, the middle class is often made up of less educated people and they work as small business owners, teachers, and secretaries.

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“In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations” (Manifesto, 1848). In the Communist manifesto, Marx discusses the class type of his time, bourgeois and proletariat. The bourgeois were the higher class who exploited the proletariats. They constantly strived to expand their power and wealth in society.

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Nowadays, we all know and understand what class structure is. We know that social stratification is the way we are divided socioeconomically speaking and that 's the way it has always been to us. When learning about history, teachers love to compare and contrast the people focusing on factors such as wealth, social status, occupation, and power; this is what Karl Marx

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Marx believed that the current capitalist society is separated into two classes, the Proletariat society, and Bourgeois society. The Proletarians, as perceived by Marx, are part of the working class that only possess one significant material value, that is the ability to work, or labour power. The Bourgeoise, on the other hand, is the societal class that owns the means of production and hence rule over the Proletarians. As I quote from Marx’s book, “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” (Marx and Engels, 1988, p. 473)

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According to Edwards et al. (2006) Marx thought that within capitalism there would be an increased divide between the bourgeoisie class and the proletariat class in the future. The proletariats are lower of the two classes, the people who have to work for wages in order to survive. The bourgeoisie are the people in society who controlled and owned the means of production in a capitalist system.

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Karl Marx was a German philosopher and economist in the 18th century. He is known for his book the Communist Manifesto that was published in 1848. Marx believed that a revolution of the working classes would over throw the capitalist order and creates a classless society. The Industrial Revolutions led to the proletarianization; his partner Friedrich Engels explained why the changes created by the proletarianization of the worker would develop into a huge problem for industrial societies. I do believe that Karl Marx’s vision of communism in the Communist Manifesto could re-emerge as a popular and workable philosophy of social, economic, and political organization.

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The bourgeoisie being the ruling class and the proletariat being the working class. Membership of these classes is determined by economic factors. The wealthy bourgeoisie owned the means of production through their business, land and factories. The proletariat on the other hand, own no property and had to sell their labour to the bourgeoisie in order to survive.

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Firstly, as per the Marxist theory, there are only two classes when in real world there were not only two classes. There was one class which consisted of the royals and only ordered others around, the other was of the people who were working hard and earning lots (rich working class). Other than that there were the lower working class who weren't working much and then there were the ones who weren't earning at all. So generalizing and saying that there were only two classes is not right. Secondly, the Marxian thinking is too utopian.

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Karl Marx (1818-1883) considered himself not to be a sociologist but a political activist. However, many would disagree and in the view of Hughes (1986), he was ‘both – and a philosopher, historian, economist, and a political scientist as well.’ Much of the work of Marx was political and economic but his main focus was on class conflict and how this led to the rise of capitalism. While nowadays, when people hear the word “communism”, they think of the dictatorial rule of Stalin and the horrific stories of life in a communist state such as the Soviet Union, it is important not to accuse Marx of the deeds carried out in his name.

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