Sociological Perspective Of Migration

Another approach to define the term diaspora and express its characteristics is social condition. In this approach, the exact definition of identity is rejected. In

diasporic condition they look at identity as postmodernism, cultural studies and post-colonial approaches. In this fields it has been believed that identity has an unfinished nature and its changing through time and social conditions. It could be said that diaspora could not be conceptualized based on ethnicity and geographical dislocation. Getting away from descriptive typological approach that is based on ethnicity and loyalty to the homeland, diaspora condition allows migrants to expand the imagination of themselves and community around them so the nationhood and ethnic identity

The term bounding and bridging that was used by him was a definition of social capital. In his idea bounding means making identity and mobilizing solidarity by looking inside a group or ethnicity. In fact, in bounding idea foster belonging is done by emphasizing internal connections between members and homeland against external connections to host. It has to be noticed that this bounding is by ethnic identity or allegiance of homeland that we can say that this idea is based on the descriptive typological

They try to identify themselves as diaspora and they equate their organizations with diaspora and community(Van Gorp & Smets, 2015). Iranian Emigration

For studying Iranian diaspora, first we have to study about the waves of emigration of Iranians and the destination of this emigration.

The first significant wave of emigration was from 1950 until the Islamic revolution (1979), in this years the rise of the oil power brought a lot of money to the country so middle and upper class families send their children abroad for higher education as a means of political access after return and ensuring socioeconomic security. In the academic year of 1977-1978 there were about 100,000 Iranian students all around the world and 36,220 of them were studying in United States institutes and the rest of them were mostly in United Kingdom, West Germany, France, Austria and Italy. The year after the Iranian students in United States reached the Number of 45,340 and till the year of 1979-1980 it catch 51,310. According to the Institute of International Education, Iranians were the most foreign student in United States. These students, after the Islamic revolution, mainly remain in west, also their relatives join them