Case 1 Describe the relationship of sodium and potassium in the ICF and ECF
According to Hale & Hovey, 2014, intracellular fluid is liquid that is found in the cells and it makes up around 60% of fluids present in the body. The fluids found outside the cells are extracellular fluids, and they make up the remaining percentage of body fluids. Sodium ions are the major cations present in the extracellular fluids while the potassium ion is the key cation in intracellular fluids. The concentration of the sodium and potassium cations contrast in ICF and ECF. The ATP pump is a sodium-potassium dependent pump that keeps the sodium concentration in the intracellular fluids to a minimum while the potassium levels high in extracellular fluids.
Correctly identify possible acid based imbalances for which
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They occur when the bacterium known as Escherichia coli (E Coli) is present in the urinary tract. The introduction of the E Coli bacterium into the bladder is generally through the urethra. The bacterium travels up the urethra and causes the bladder to swell. The two infections result from the same bacterium, but they have different effects on the body. The symptoms, mode of treatment, the tests carried out and the affected areas differ for the two urinary tract infections.
Cystitis affects the bladder while pyelonephritis the bacterium travels and affects the kidneys. Pyelonephritis affects either one or the two kidneys and its symptoms are high body temperatures, vomiting, back and groin pain, nausea and the patients urinate regularly accompanied with excruciating pain (The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney disease 2012). The symptoms presented in Cystitis are a persistent urge to urinate, pain in the lower abdomen, a burning sensation when urinating, the presence of blood in the urine and cloudy