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Structural MRI Scan

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“In truth [memory] no longer represents our past to us, … if it still deserves the name of memory, it is because it prolongs their useful effect into the present moment.” (Bergson, 1910). This is a powerful statement with regards to amnesiac patients. KC suffered brain damage, and consequently amnesia, after a motorbike accident. “… KC may be said to have global anterograde amnesia (AA), and episodic retrograde amnesia (RA)”, Tulving (2002). Rosenbaum, Gilboa, Levine, Winocur, and Moscovitch, (2009) investigated whether KC had problems, with recalling, binding fragmented memories, and communicating information from semantic memory. To do this they used the fictional event test (FET), whereby all participants had to imagine a fictional but …show more content…

One reason for using the older MRI is that this was a volumetric scan, which shows decreases in volume across various regions in the brain (Rosenbaum et al., 005). They do not, however, consider further reductions of volume in the damaged areas. Notably, however, Rosenbaum and colleagues do acknowledge that damage in other regions cannot be ruled out. Different regions of the brain have also been evidenced to perform specific tasks such as encoding and retrieval (Tulving, 2002; Habib, Nyberg, Tulving, 2003). Rosenbaum et al., (2009) seem to have missed an opportunity to explain the change RA semantic performance from any of the alternative perspectives not …show more content…

Both retro and anterograde semantic memory were tested. KC was asked to imagine fictional events from pre, and post- morbidity. Results showed significant deficits in pre-morbidity, demonstrating that KC, may indeed have an issue imagining fictional events and binding detail and communicating the information cohesively, from retrograde AM. They acknowledge the Constructive Episodic Simulation hypothesis (Schacter, Addis, 2007), which entails using the past to create future or fictional events in the memory. This would explain KC’s deficit in imagining a fictional event; it was, however, dismissed because KC’s semantic detail is not in line with controls. This dismissal may be premature, as Rosenbaum et al., (2009) themselves, state that there is a deficit with binding and cohesion, thus KC would not necessarily be in line with

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Memories can express many emotional times and events in your life, but it’s terrifying when you can’t remember anything at all. In the novel Breaking Beautiful by Jennifer Shaw Wolf, the main character, Allie, goes through her life after a tragic accident where her boyfriend, Trip, drove off a cliff in his truck. Allie was found near the cliff but she has no memory of the accident. Allie is forced to return to her life before the accident with the exception of having Trip. Allie experienced some traumatic events that influenced changes in herself as well as some people, some being Trip’s death/the accident, having to go back to school, and having Blake there for her every step of the way. .

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How Does Leonard Suffer From Anterograde Amnesia

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At the time the physician removed parts of his hippocampus as a way to stop his seizures. HM seizures went away, but he could not form any new memories. However, one form of memory left intact in both HM and Leonard is the ability to learn skills. This ability is known as procedural memory, a memory that is shown by performance rather than by conscious recollection (Kalat, 1998), it allows us to learn how to do things such as ride a bike or play an instrument. The areas of the brain outside of the hippocampus are involved in procedural memory, which is why an injury that results in anterograde amnesia doesn't affect procedural memory.

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Analysis Of The Glass Castle By Jeannette Walls

854 Words | 4 Pages

Most people have many core memories that didn’t even happen to them but instead happened on a TV show or movie they watched. This leads to many awkward situations when people talk about their life stories and people seem to remember that same event on a TV show they had watched. This remembrance of an event that never happened could be due to many factors. A study performed by Northwestern University concluded that “Every time you remember an event from the past, your brain networks change in ways that can alter the later recall of the event. Thus, the next time you remember it, you might recall not the original event but what you remembered the previous time” ( Paul ).

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Clive Wearing Anterograde Amnesia

1056 Words | 5 Pages

retrograde amnesia means that no more recall, and not able to memory stuff. Since then, his memory only last for 7 seconds, no more cumulative memory for him, and the change of the world has nothing to do with him. The most unimaginably thing is that the anterograde amnesia that Wearing get is because the herps simple virus erosion his hippocampus in his brain. In most cases,

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259 Words | 2 Pages

In this week’s Ted Talk, Elizabeth Loftus explained some of her studies on false memories. She investigates when people remember things that did not happen or remember things in a different way. In one of her studies, Loftus showed participants simulated car accidents and then asked them questions to know what they remembered. She asked them, how fast the cars were when they smashed into each other. Using the word “smashed” influenced participants to say that the cars were going really fast and they remembered seeing broken glass in the scene, when in reality there was no broken glass.

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1439 Words | 6 Pages

With this damage comes the failure of memory to encode and store. Retrograde Amnesia is the inability to recall memories before the amnesia the procedural memories are not effected either, but able to develop and encode new long term memories. This is caused by damage to the temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex part of the brain. 
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300 Words | 2 Pages

memories the method can be used in psychological institutions, to help those whom are traumatized to stifle the memory and prevent it from affecting their future behaviors. Additionally, a better grasp of how memory, is encoded or lost will provide better aid to those with disabilities linked with memory. Flashbulb memories are defined as memories of emotionally significant events that people usually remember with more vivid details and accuracy than normal events (King, 2013). Psychologists Lanciano, Curci, and Semin (2010) conducted two studies investigating the accuracy and the amount of details remember of flashbulb memories, in which they determined those placed under stressful and highly emotional conditions do in fact recall the event

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955 Words | 4 Pages

This paradigm provokes the production of pseudo memories. In this task, participants have to study a list of words, of which the words are related to each other, but also to a strongly related word that is not in the list (e.g. critical lure). For example, the words 'bed', 'rest', 'awake' and 'blanket' are presented in a list. Those words are strongly related to the non-presented word 'sleep'. Later on, participants have to do a memory test.

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663 Words | 3 Pages

Moreover, “a behavioural syndrome results showing not only semantic-memory impairment but also particular difficulty remembering past events as personal happenings” (Tulving, 1989). Lastly, in Endel Tulving’s conclusion to his article he states “traditionally held views about the unity of memory are no longer tenable. A more appropriate view seems to be that of multiple memory systems. Remembering one’s past is a different, perhaps more advanced, achievement of the brain than simply knowing about it” ( Tulving,

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1264 Words | 6 Pages

(2007) all underwent neuroradiological and neurophysiological exams to determine the presence of brain damage and confirm the form of amnesia they had. The results were consistent in that the case study with PA showed no brain damage while the OA case studies did show brain damage in the frontal lobes and hippocampus. Yet, only one PA case study is looked at while there are two OA cases in the Serra et al. (2007) paper, this isn’t a large sample. A problem encountered with finding case studies to compare is that individuals suffering from the amnesia being investigated can be rare and so finding larger samples is very difficult.

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Traumatic Memory Loss

939 Words | 4 Pages

People suffer traumatic memory loss worldwide. Memory loss comes in many different forms and types. Amnesiac problems can be acute or one might experience a total loss of memory. The type of issues one may have depends on the type of injury or trauma one endured. It is even possible to have a global amnesia issue if a vascular disease occurred and spread rapidly.

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Multistore Model Of Memory Analysis

1358 Words | 6 Pages

This is what other researchers have thought of too, and therefore a conclusion was made that additional processes have been taking place as well. Another strength is that there is neuropsychological evidence for this model as a patient, HM (Milner, 1966) underwent surgery which impaired his hippocampus and in turn affected his long-term memory as it no longer functioned properly, whereas his short-term memory was rather functional. Due to this we can conclude that these two processes are involved in the process of memory, as one of the stores was affected when the brain was damaged but the other was not (Baddeley, 2009).

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1648 Words | 7 Pages

The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.

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826 Words | 4 Pages

This could distort memories or allow false information to be injected into the memory, creating a false memory. An example of this would be like the “Telephone Game”, as one person says it to another it may change and continue to

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1223 Words | 5 Pages

Reid over assessed the human brain, when he tried to explain the concept of memory vanishing through logic. Human consciousness is not something that can be quantified, or explained through logic. There are several inexplicable phenomena that might then seem illogical to Reid. People who have been in accidents, often lose memory of that accident. However, they continue to remain scared of heavy vehicles or crossing roads as pedestrians.

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