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Summary Of Spencer, James And Hollingworth Tested Ideas

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Heather Gomez Psychology 4302 20th Nov. 2017 Mod. 4 Assign. 7 Spencer, James and Hollingworth Tested Ideas In this short essay the ideas of Spencer, James, and Hollingworth will be discussed from the textbook, “A History of Modern Psychology.” This essay will take a look at how each understood the ideas from survival; consciousness and genetic makeup in order to better understand how others view the human body and its abilities. Herbert Spencer believed in Social Darwinism because he thought that all individuals in order to survive had to be able to adapt in order to survive the worlds tough conditions. The conditions could include economic and social systems directed by the government. He did not like that governments could intervene …show more content…

James also did experimentation with altered states of mind using different medicines to see how the human mind and conscious was affected. James views of the mind and how it worked were very different from William Wundt’s ideas that he admired. He believed that the conscious was a learned part of a person’s experiences that could be inaccurate or could vary depending on their own personal perspectives. He believed that the conscious of a person was constantly changing and so any attempt to sort it from its stream of ideas would distort its original form and not shows the true identity of the conscious thoughts. The never-ending process of thoughts he referred to as a “stream of consciousness” that is important to humankind’s ability to survive in harsh environments even though, it is an imperfect thought process. The ability for a person to use introspective observation allowed for a person to balance their consciousness by weighing where the thoughts were coming from and if they were valid. He believed that the ability to examine and understand a person’s thought process could help people with mental problems. He believed in order to help the mentally ill he would have to look into their ideas and test them to find if they were rational conclusions. James also tested a person’s reaction to physical action to discover a person’s emotional state and what it could show about their consciousness. He found that people separate different sides of their identity by what they have (material self), with whom and exactly how they socialize with groups (social self) and who they believe they are internally (spiritual self). He also considered that who is can be influenced by their daily habits and their ability to control

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William Graham Sumner, a Yale graduated sociologist, became a prominent figure in the world of Social Darwinists. Social Darwinism was a theory that tried to apply Charles Darwin’s biological law of natural selection to the human race. Charles Darwin’s idea of natural selection explained that some animals and plants are better adapted to their environment than others, allowing them to strive more than others. On the other hand, Social Darwinists believed these same rules applied to humans and used the basis of his argument to justify the social inequalities during the time period. Sumner expressed his views on this subject in an essay written in the late nineteenth century.

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Social Darwinism was a sociological hypothesis well known in late nineteenth-century Europe and the Assembled States. It combined Charles Darwin's hypothesis of common determination and Herbert Spencer's sociological speculations to legitimize government, prejudice, and free enterprise (i.e. preservationist) social and monetary strategies. Social Darwinists contended that people and gatherings, much the same as plants and creatures, rivaled each other for achievement in life. They utilized this declaration to legitimize existing conditions by guaranteeing that the people or gatherings of people at the highest point of social, monetary, or political pecking orders had a place there, as they had contended with others and had demonstrated themselves

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