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Supreme Court Case Brief Summary

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US Supreme Court Assignment Please research and write a short summary of each Supreme Court case. Marbury v. Madison (1803) The Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case was when judicial review, which is when the Supreme Court can veto laws that are deemed unconstitutional, officially began. This court case occurred because during John Adams’ presidential term he appointed Marbury to be a justice of the peace for the District of Columbia. However, his secretary of state did not deliver the document with his order and Thomas Jefferson then became president before the commissions were given. Since Thomas Jefferson had already became president, Marbury was not granted his position because Thomas Jefferson told Madison, his secretary of state, to not deliver the document with John Adams’ orders. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) The McCulloch v. Maryland Supreme Court case dealt with a matter relating to taxes being made for federal banks being on a state 's land. An act had been previously passed that stated that federal banks could be inside a particular state. However, Maryland then passed an act stating that taxes would have to be …show more content…

Nixon was Republican, and less than half a year before the election, a burglary had occurred in the Democratic headquarters. Nixon said that he was not guilty for the crime that had occurred, but later on video footage was discovered that stated the opposite of what Nixon had said. Congress then proceeded to take the footage, but Nixon tried to stop them saying that since he was president, he had the right to private conversations that no other branch could look at. When this case was brought to the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court agreed for the most part with what Nixon was saying however, they said that that was only the case in certain circumstances. They also stated that in a case like this, the judicial branch had the last word, and Nixon resigned from

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In response to this, “The Maryland legislature responded to this action by levying a tax on all branches of banks “not chartered by the legislature”—a move aimed at destroying the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States."1James McCulloch who was a banker at the branch in Baltimore refused to pay the annual tax. He was convicted by Maryland state court and fined a total of 2,500 dollars. Losing at the state

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State of Maryland decided to impose a tax to exempt every bank in Maryland expect the Bank of the US. James Muculloch was the cashier of the Baltimore branch. When the bank’s Baltimore branch refused to pay the tax,Maryland sued James Muculloch. The Bank’s Baltimore branch refused to pay the annual tax of $15,000 in top of this was a $500 penalty for any state that violated the statute. McCulloch was convicted by a Maryland court of violating the tax statute because he refused to pay and was fined $2,500.

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They argued that as a sovereign state they could tax and control business inside their borders. Also they claimed that taxing banks was necessary to control and prevent any possible financial abuses. Furthermore, they argued that if the federal government had regulations on state banks Maryland could have regulations on the federal banks. Lastly, they argued that there was no authority included in the Constitution to charter a national bank, causing the Bank of the United States to be unconstitutional. Maryland imposed a tax on all the banks not chartered by the state.

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In 1818 John James, a Maryland official, visited a federal bank in Baltimore, Maryland that had been violating the law and not paying taxes. All Maryland state banks were legally allowed to freely print bank notes and circulate them, the federal bank was only permitted to buy stamped paper from the state on which to print notes, essentially paying

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59. Marbury v. Madison is the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution. The facts surrounding Marbury were complicated. In the election of 1800, the newly organized Democratic - Republican Party of Thomas Jefferson defeated the Federalist party of John Adams, creating an atmosphere of political panic for the lame duck Federalists. 60.

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United States v. Lopez was the first United States Supreme Court case since the New Deal to set limits to Congress's power under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. The issue of the case was that It exceeded to the power of Congress which had no say over it because the case had nothing to do with commerce or any sort of economic activity. The case United States v. Lopez involved Alfonzo Lopez Jr., Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist, and Congress. Unites States v. Lopez was about a 12th grader named

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Not letting anytime past, Marbury went ahead and applied for a writ of mandamus to refute Jefferson’s decision. Marbury irritated and impatient went straight to the Supreme Court of the United States in effort to gain his well-earned position in government.

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The judicial review process is an important aspect of the US Court system. The process involves the use of powers by the Federal Courts to void the congress' acts that direct conflict with the Constitution. The Marbury v. Madison is arguably the landmark case that relates to Judicial Review. The Marbury v. Madison case was written in the year 1803 by the Chief Justice at that time named John Marshall. Thomas Jefferson won an election on the Democratic - Republican Party that had just been formed creating a panicky political atmosphere having defeated John Adams of the previous ruling party.

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John Marshall’s Supreme Court hearings had a positive effect on the United States. From court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland, declared that the federal courts could decide if state laws were unconstitutional. The McCulloch v. Maryland trial went to the supreme court because Maryland had put a tax in place that too 2% of all assets of the bank or a flat rate of $30,000. John Marshall saw this tax as unconstitutional for the simple fact that people were being denied their property under the state legislature. From the Gibbons v. Ogden case, congress’s power over interstate commerce was strengthened.

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He expanded the power of the Supreme Court by declaring that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that the Supreme Court Justices were the final deciders. In the Marbury vs. Madison case, Marshall wrote "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” John Marshall was clearly in favor of judicial power, and believed that the Supreme Court should have the final say in cases involving an interpretation of the Constitution. While establishing this, he kept the separation of powers in mind, as he wanted equal representation among the Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branches. In the Marbury vs. Madison, John Marshall declared that the Judicial Branch could not force Madison to deliver the commission.

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John Marshall had a significant impact on strengthening the national government during his term as Chief Justice from 1800-1830. Marshall achieved this goal by strengthening the power of the Supreme Court in three main court cases. In Marbury v. Madison Marshall established the practice of judicial review, then in McCulloch v. Maryland he weakened the central government and Gibbons v. Ogden provided the federal government with the ability to regulate interstate commerce. Marbury v. Madison (1803) was a court case that began the practice of judicial review. This case started because the night before President John Adams term ended, he appointed 42 justices of the peace.

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During the early years when Marshall was appointed Chief Justice, there was an insignificant case that came about the Supreme Court. However, it was that case, Marbury v. Madison, that became one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in United States

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In Marbury v. Madison (1803) it was announced by the Supreme Court for the very first time, that if an act was deemed inconsistent with the constitution then the court was allowed to declare the act void. Thomas Jefferson’s secretary of state, James Madison, denied William Marbury of his commission. President John Adams appointed William Marbury the justice of peace for the District of Columbia during his last day in office. Madison denied Marbury of this commission because he believed that because it was not issued before the termination of Adams presidency, that it was invalid. Marbury himself started a petition, along with three others who were in a similar situation.

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As the country started to grow, the power of the Federal Government had also started to grow. The power that the Federal Government had, started to create conflict between the States ' and the Federal Government. By the 19th century, cases started to appear more frequently that challenged States ' rights against the National Government. Around the early 1800s, the major national concern was finical stability. The charter of the Bank of the United States had expired in 1811 and the Democratic-Republican Madison administration and the Republican Congress had failed to renew it.

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Madison court case that took place in 1803. The law that was declared by the Supreme Court at this hearing was that a court has the power to declare an act of Congress void if it goes against the Constitution. This case took place because President John Adams had appointed William Marbury as justice of the peace in the District of Columbia, and the new president, Thomas Jefferson, did not agree with this decision. William Marbury was not appointed by the normal regulation, which was that the Secretary of State, James Madison, needed to make a notice of the appointment. James Madison did not follow through and make a notice of Marbury’s appointment; therefore, he sued James Madison, which was where the Supreme Court came in place.

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