ipl-logo

Symbolic Criminalization In Latin America

583 Words3 Pages

As a result of the low economy, and constant wars, due to the United States funding Latin American countries’ military and police forces, which are usually controlled by gangs and cartels, Latin Americans are feeling unsafe in their home countries. Latin Americans seemed forced to flee due political and financial barriers (Abrego 26). As established in Abrego’s book, fathers who migrated during the civil war claimed that it was because a family member was being persecuted and they seemed to face life or death situations constantly (Abrego 32). These persecutes common in Latin America even when there is not a war due to gangs and cartels having more money and being more manipulative they control authorities and use them to attack anything that …show more content…

This system consist material and symbolic criminalization. Material criminalization is when authorities harass youth, and youth are held to this zero-tolerance polices, which excluded youth from settings that would benefit them. These policies usually lead youth to a detention rooms, or incarcerations. Symbolic criminalization consists of youth’s daily experience with being profiled, stigmatized and closely observed during every action they take just waiting for youth to commit an error and be placed in jail. These forms of authorities criminalizing youth can be easily justified by them using youth’s own stereotypes to work against them. Despite the strength of this system, youth found ways to resist either through committing violent crimes, or politically organizing and returning to schools (Rios 41). A perfect example of a youth resisting is Mike, who stole a bag of chips after being accused of coming into the store to steal by the store clerk (Rios 106). Mike’s form of resistance was to follow these criminalized roles he was given. His race, the way he was dressed, and the people he was with gave the impression that he was up to no good. However, the store clerk performed a symbolized criminalization by observing every move they made throughout the store and profiling the youth as troublemakers and potential criminals by the way they looked. Many youth’s forms of resistance were to live up to the low expectations that society had created for them. As well as by showing Hyper-masculinity, a form of emphasizing man’s role of being unafraid, because youths witnessed that only by doing that could they gained

Show More
Related

Summary Of Chapter Six By Victor Rios

577 Words | 3 Pages

During his time studying these boys, he found that most cases of conflict were resolved without the use of weapon(s), but rather with “harsh conversation”. This observation highly contradicts the typical view of gang members who are commonly stereotyped by their local community and justice system in Oakland. Rios describes how the boys “Conversations often involved references to guns as analogies for resolving conflict and demonstrating manhood”. The fact that most conflicts are dealt with in non-violent ways, highlights the negative role

Read More

Chapter Summary Of Chapter One Of Rios

947 Words | 4 Pages

Many of the boys pretended that negative interactions and stereotyping did not affect them, but their bravo personas only masked the fear inside. Fear made the boys feel weaker and less masculine, so they would deviate from social norms to regain respect and dignity among their peers and for themselves. Routine patterns of punishment eventually lead the boys to develop an altered view of thoughts, beliefs, and ways of behaving in order to survive the tough life set them. Chapter two concentrates on the history of Oakland, incarceration rates, youth systems of control, and the boy’s resistance to punishment and brutalization. The Oakland ghetto consists of a multiracial community, predominantly African-American and Latino, that are equally targeted and brutalized by police

Read More

Summary Of Human Targets By Victor Rios

1717 Words | 7 Pages

Summary Victor Rios’ book Human Targets: Schools, Police, and the Criminalization of Latino Youth (2017) is one in which popular issues among institutions and authorities are illustrated to express the marginalization and unsupportiveness Latino youth in the U.S. is subject to. Rios presents these institutional dilemmas in his book through the experiences and research conducted over the course of five years (from 2007 to 2012). Human Targets provides its readers with both the analytical perspective of events and personal comments from individuals. The study conducted by Victor Rios focuses on a California city and the young Latinos’ interactions with police officers, as well as within schools and detention facilities.

Read More

Summary Of Punished By Victor Rios

476 Words | 2 Pages

Urban ethnography, a systematic method used to examine culture developing in everyday life, let Rios discern the difficult aspects, unfortunate circumstances, and social relations of the young men’s lives. Victor Rios observed, shadowed, and interviewed delinquent inner-city youth males to answer his question of the effect of the punishment on the boys. As Rio studied the life of these males he discovered a youth control complex where punishment was present in everyday social life, and the behavior of these marginalized young men were criminalized, pointing them to incarceration, disgrace, and exclusion. Racialization, harassment, punishment, surveillance, and detention by all adult figures were all pieces of the pattern of the social order in Oakland that shaped the way the young men created worldviews about themselves and the deeply rooted social stances in their community. Rios found social incapacitation present upon these marginalized males.

Read More

A Brief Analysis Of Street Life, Gangs By Victor M. Rios

1905 Words | 8 Pages

The author based his investigation on criminologists, ethnographers and anthropologists criteria to argument his outcomes which add a solid framework to the entire project. I think the book suggests that there is a lot to do and it’s time to change unsuccessful methods. Despite of some critics, I think “Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys” is an obligatory reading to all people who really want to understand the whys and hows of most of young men who are labeled as criminals and live in marginal neighborhoods. This material also has the merit of describing the way these youths have to coexist with a lot of disadvantages to make a change and get a positive progress in their

Read More

Wes Moore Street Culture Analysis

454 Words | 2 Pages

How well Wes Moore describes the culture of the streets, and particularly disenfranchised adolescents that resort to violence, is extraordinary considering the unbiased perspective Moore gives. Amid Moore’s book one primary theme is street culture. Particularly Moore describes the street culture in two cities, which are Baltimore and the Bronx. In Baltimore city the climate and atmosphere, of high dropout rates, high unemployment and poor public infrastructure creates a perfect trifecta for gang violence to occur. Due to what was stated above, lower income adolescent residents in Baltimore are forced to resort to crime and drugs as a scapegoat of their missed opportunities.

Read More

The Role Of Oppression In Central And South America

76 Words | 1 Pages

For hundreds of years, the people of Central and South America have been facing oppression. The oppression has been from both internal and external factors, including outside empires and internal authoritarian regimes. One central factor in response to such oppression has been the way in which the people resist. There are a countless number of examples in which the people took it upon themselves to resist the imposing power and restrictions that were put in place.

Read More

Police Brutality Synthesis Essay

1491 Words | 6 Pages

Synthesis Research Paper Everyday growing up as a young black male we have a target on our back. Society was set out for black males not to succeed in life. I would always hear my dad talk about how police in his younger days would roam around the town looking for people to arrest or get into an altercation with. As a young boy growing up I couldn’t believe some of the things he said was happening. However as I got older I would frequently hear about someone getting killed by the police force.

Read More

The Superpredator Myth Of School-To-Prison Discipline

589 Words | 3 Pages

The rise of the “Superpredator” Myth in the 1990s led to schools adopting policies that created the School-to-Prison Pipeline. The “Superpredator” Myth was the false projection of an enormous crime wave leading to the belief that teenage crime would skyrocket in the following years. The myth was created by projections of a sudden increase in crimes committed in the US. Along with the prediction of a huge crime wave, it was also predicted that teenagers, specifically black and Latino teenagers, would make up 50% of the predicted crime due to the belief that they were completely impulsive and had no remorse. Another way to justify the prediction of a spike in teenage crime was to describe youth as “fatherless, Godless, and jobless.”

Read More

School Shootings: A Symbolic Analysis

765 Words | 4 Pages

These students are many times symbolically labeled and classed as, “weird,” “gay,” or “loser” due to non-conformist dress, behavior, or participation in unmasculine activities such as art and drama (Kimmel and Mahler 2003). Consequently, these labels tend to define how others treat and interact with these students (Ballantine and Spade 2015). Students displaying volatility in emotional self-management experience poor treatment. Young men who fall short or step outside of the representation of hegemonic masculinity are met with relentless persecution (Kimmel and Mahler 2003). Tragically, over time, the compilation of these various symbolic factors and negative interactions can compound and incite deadly, violent outbursts.

Read More

Persecuting Places In Latin America

160 Words | 1 Pages

I would go to places where there are civil wars and inhumane practices suspected of happening. Many people are afraid to venture to these places, and a lot of people are ignorant to the disturbing things happening in these regions. I would venture to places in the Middle East or countries in Latin America because I think that it is vital for the population to be exposed to the harsh realities that many people have to endure. I think that in order for there to be a response and to have aid send to these countries, the world has to be informed on these issues. I would go to these countries and report on practices being conducted.

Read More

Zero Tolerance And Social Injustice

280 Words | 2 Pages

Along with the social injustice for the targeted group, there is also the social and political concern for the connection of zero tolerance and the rising number of adolescents in the Criminal Justice System, juvenile detention centers or even jail. This connection is referred to as the School-to-Prison Pipeline. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline is “a collection of

Read More

What Is Masculinity?

597 Words | 3 Pages

The word “masculinity” has obtained various interpretations throughout the century; some positives and some negatives. Many will believe being masculine is someone who is well-built, tough, dominant and most especially unwomanly. However, what society does not realize is, femininity is also known as strong, powerful and vigorous. [As reconstruction was ending, In the US, industrialization was a time where a lot of factory workers and employed women were deskilled and to that affect, the wage of labor was low. During urbanization, there was independence and opportunities for women but there were also violence and inequality that led to limited freedom.

Read More

Thesis Statement On Juvenile Delinquency

2409 Words | 10 Pages

Treatment rather than Punishment Thesis Statement: Children, as innocents and infantile, are unconsciously doing unwanted acts that may violate our laws, therefore insufficient guidance from family, environmental factors syndicates, poverty and problem on education, which are the main rationales for their involvement on crimes should be given corresponding solution by the government. INTRODUCTION Juvenile delinquency means that a youth specifically those who are below 18 years old commits an act that is against the law. It can also be used as legal term for the criminal behavior carried out by minors. According to UNICEF, an average of 10, 500 minors are being arrested and detained every year – about 28 children every day, or more

Read More

Essay On Masculinity

1064 Words | 5 Pages

Masculinity (also called boyhood, manliness or manhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors and roles generally associated with boys and men. But the culture doesn’t end at the definition, it starts from there. The first thing to come to mind when the word masculinity is heard is usually a man flexing his gigantic muscles, as the word might sound to suggest, and that right there is the current culture of masculinity because sadly, in the world we live in, not everyone has a “muscular body”. So far we know the concept of masculinity, but the culture is what is truly hampering.

Read More

More about Symbolic Criminalization In Latin America

Related Topics

Open Document