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Temperament And Child Development

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Temperament is defined by Martin (1994) as it refers to individual’s behavioural tendencies are existing early in life and are comparatively stable during growth and different situations. As it is also cited in (Bates, 1989; Goldsmith et al., 1987), that temperament is considered to be built in the biology of an organism. The above definition gives a clear explanation that a person’s temperament is the genetic built up, it is an innate component of their lives and it is constant throughout an individual’ life. According to Rothbart & Derryberry (2007) temperament is individual differences emotionally, in motor, and attentional reactivity gauged by the following processes; latency (time interval between the stimulation and response, or, from …show more content…

The dimensions are as follows, activity level, approach/withdrawal, intensity, threshold, adaptability, rhythmicity, mood, attention span persistence, and distractibility. These dimensions are the basis of individual’s behavioural pattern in different environments. Even though the definition of temperament in Bates (1980) states that it emerges in infancy and exhibit some degree of continuity during the child’s development. However, (Rothbart & Derryberry 2007 cited in Bates p.302) argued that there is growing evidence that exhibit a great change in the biobehaviour during a child’s development, they cites Emde et al., (1976) that stability on a temperament dimension can be expected over a short time but not on a longer time of …show more content…

The first one is when the parents’ manifestation of their genotypic make-up and behavioural tendencies had influenced their choice of the environment they construct for their children (Matin, 1994). If the parents are highly intelligent they may create an environment that is filled with books and other learning materials for the child. The environment would be else filled with opportunities for the child if his or her parent are highly active, they might subscribe the just in athletics sport clubs and other sporty activities (Matin, 1994). The cross cultural research from Rothbart, Ahadi & Evan (2000) supports the above statement by looking at the Chines and Canadian parents’ behavioural tendencies towards their children

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In David Rettew’s TED talk, “Child Temperament: How We Start to Become Ourselves,” he defines what child temperament is, where it came from, how it could be developed over time, and how parents should respond to their children’s temperaments (Rettew, 2015). Children contain different temperaments, such as being anxious, angry, or calm (Rettew, 2015). According to twin studies, 50-60 percent of temperament is genetics, while the rest of the percentage comes from other influences, such as from the environment (Rettew, 2015). The type of environment a child is exposed to could influence a child’s temperament by them adapting certain traits to test if they are a good fit for that environment (Rettew, 2015). There is a correlation between the environment

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Families that have a cultural capital have concerted cultivation. Children with who have concerted cultivation have a better use of verbal interactions with people. The parents are more involved in the child’s life. The parents sign them up for actives and encourage them. Unlike accomplishment by natural growth where the parents do not encourage their children.

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Personality temperament or affective styles refer to individual differences in the quality and intensity of dispositional mood, as well as emotional reactions to similar events. The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) are the two most researched scales of temperament, and are what I will focus on related to my personality. Having high BIS is to have higher punishment sensitivity, whereas having high BAS is to have higher reward sensitivity. My z-score of BAS was well below the mean, with a score of -2.77. On the other hand, my BIS z-score was above the mean, with a score of 2.21, as well as receiving the highest BIS score in the class.

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This study is also focused on firstborns and laterborns only, excluding only child and twins. The study referred the parental investment to both parents and do not account the single parents. This literature is worth reviewing because birth-order affects our personality and personality can affect the way an individual interact with other people. It is also important so that parents would be aware of how the way they treat their children or for them to be able to give importance to their children fairly to avoid inequality because it will affect the child’s personality (Sampson, 1993). When there is inequality or lack of parental investment, the children is more to be rebellious and adventurous for the pursuit of parental investment (Sulloway,

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