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Critically examine Napoleon Bonaparte policies in France
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As reciprocity was diminished, inequality became apparent between the people. This was largely due to the increased economy gained through government funding. This, then created a new focus on capital gain that
After several reforms, Frenchmen gained new rights. They obtained the freedom to speak and press. Education had been reformed and became free, compulsory, universal, and secular. Jobs were opened for all class based on talents (Doc 6). All these new ideas had influenced Toussaint L’ Ouverture, a self taught salve.
Most of the population were poor farmers, that had no idea what was happening within the country. Obviously this system was not the best. Eventually countries found a more efficient way of running their countries. A single ruler began to consolidate the power from the city-states and make a more uniform government for the country. The ways these absolute monarchs consolidated and increased their powers were similar in the 1600s and 1700s, by decreasing the nobles’ powers, increasing military, and increasing bureaucracy.
Despite the fact that a portion of the citizens were not the wealthiest they were moving up in the social class to a more moderate type of living. The revolution brought improvements to the life of the citizens with its economic enhancement since they didn’t have high taxes which helped them in their social
By making these alterations to the format of government, the nation hoped to improve how they operated the country as well as giving the citizens more personal
Nobles lost their advantaged position in French society causing, among other things, loss of life, a perceived forced emigration to other lands, loss of property, and the end of seigneurial rights and income. Some of these advantages were subsequently recovered during Emperor Napoleon’s reign but many pre-Revolutionary rights were forever
The stasis within the social classes after the revolution was beneficial to society. “One class did not overthrow another; the poor did not supplant the rich. But social relationships-- the way people were connected to one another-- were changed, and decisively so” (Wood 132). There was a solid relationship between higher and lower classes, and that helped maintain balance within communities, which made the new country a “giant, almost continent wide republic of nearly ten million egalitarian-minded bustling citizens who not only had thrust themselves into the vanguard of history but had fundamentally altered their society and their social relationships” (132-133).
It was the bourgeoisie class that was educated, yet they didn’t have privileges like the First and Second Estate consequently, they began to question if there should be a social and political change in France. John Locke is an example of a philosophe who helped shape the outline of the French Revolution because he said that if people are dissatisfied with their governments, they should overthrow them, so they could create a new government. In Haiti, the enlightenment helped shape the Haitian revolution because ideas like freedom and liberty inspired them to bring
Napoleon’s Imperial Decree at Madrid stated that “from the publication of the present decree, feudal rights are abolished... all feudal monopolies of ovens, mills, and inns are suppressed” (Document 8). By abolishing feudalism, Napoleon promoted liberty and freed people from their duties to their lords. Individuals no longer had to conform to their social status and were able to pursue their own success by having access to previously exclusive resources. Napoleon believed that the privileges of the upper class should be abolished (Pagano “Napoleon Domestic Program Good”).
Based on these ideas, the revolutionaries aimed to topple British colonial control and create an independent country. They believed that everyone was born free and entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness because they were all formed equally. Politically, it paved the way for the creation of a new system of government based on democratic values and individual liberties. Economically, it produced a free-market system that favored innovation and entrepreneurship. Socially, it upended established structures and paved the way for greater equality amongst various racial and ethnic groupings.
European social order changed in the eighteenth century because Enlightenment ideas inspired and pushed for the creation of new welfare programs, as people were attempting to help find ways to alleviate the poor. The Enlightenment and its ideals had an impact on the social order change, allowing for more access to jobs and education. However, in the grand scheme, it was not considered to have a big nor lasting change. The nobility still maintained its influence, money, and high status, while the poor were seen as lazy and were treated poorly. Even though welfare programs were created in an attempt to help the struggling lower classes, they were proved ineffective and were not well supported.
A new political world and government was able to be built due to the Revolution. First of all, the representatives in America were more portraying of the average person. Representatives shifted from a majority of upper class people to more middle-class and upper middle-class people (Document 4).
People have many fundamental rights such as the right to free speech, the right to rebel, and the right to have a say in their government. However, governments do not always protect or respect those rights as they should. 1984 addresses these issues in a dystopian world where the government has total control. In 1984 by Orwell, the totalitarian regime of Oceania distorts Winston's morals and beliefs through visual reminders of power, thereby conveying the theme of corrupt governments manipulating people to believe their propaganda through total control.
Long before the Renaissance, government was based on feudalism, the idea of dividing society based on class. People earned a set wage for their class’ jobs. Children that were born into a family were the same class as their family. Also, thinking was deeply religious and even art and sculpture all were based on religious figures. However, humanists quashed this idea.
The Tragedy of the Commons was first illustrated in 1968, by Garrett Hardin, which describes how shared environmental resources are overused and depleted as time passes. The Tragedy of Commons focuses on how individuals decisions and actions can lead to environmental ruin. One example that illustrates the Tragedy of the Commons is the groundwater of Los Angeles and the drought (water conservation). Today, California is experiencing a drought and we are limited to the amount of water we use on a daily basis. The drought has affected California in many different ways, for example, managing the water systems in California, water levels in lakes and reservoirs fall, and streams and river flows diminish.
