The Five Patterns Of Knowing In Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Georgina Chambers

Patterns of Knowing and Nursing Knowledge

NURS 5310

Spring 2017

Maria Amaya, RNC, PhD, WHNP-BC, FAANP

Abstract

Evidence-based nursing practice is the standard in nursing practice nowadays. Almost everything we as nurses do and learn is based off of evidenced-based nursing practice. However not many of us take the time to really think about where the evidence came from for theory-based, evidence-based nursing practice. In this paper, I will discuss the five patterns of knowing in nursing which is what actually founded many of the theory guided, evidence-based nursing practice we see today. The first four patterns of knowing were first identified by Carper in 1978; empirical knowing, ethical knowing, personal

These may be embedded in not only political but social institutions as well. It is critical to “identify the cultural values and beliefs that need to change to create fair and just conditions for all” (Chann and Kramer, p. 5). It addresses the questions “What are the barriers to freedom? What changes are needed? What is wrong with this picture? Who benefits” (Chann and Kramer, p.12). It does this through critical analysis of social injustices and examining why they exist. By critiquing the typical status quo, one is able to imagine the changes needed to help someone reach their full potential, and put forth those ideas into action to improve ones health and

moral and nonmoral values, and desired ends; the ethics of nursing” (Fawcett, Watson, Neuman p. 116). This is the moral aspect of nursing and focuses in what should be done in the spare of the moment for the patient. Ethical knowing addresses questions such as “Is this right? Is this responsible” (Chinn and Kramer, p. 14). Ethical knowing directs the direction a nurse will practice, prioritize tasks, and what they advocate for. “Ethical knowing also involves clarifying conflicting values and exploring alternative interests, principles, and actions” (Chann and Kramer, p. 7). Although every individual has their own moral compass and beliefs as to what is more important for the patient, it is through experience and through principles of nursing that even if there is not a satisfactory result from an ethical dilemma, one result will be more satisfactory than the other option. It is up to the nurse to discern which option will benefit the patient more and advocate for the patient. As well, not every situation will you agree with the patient and have to advocate for the patients best wishes even if it’s against your personal beliefs. Ethical knowing is very similar to that of empirical knowing. However, empirical knowing relies on less objective information and relies on observations that can be quantified/tested/confirmed by others (Chann and Kramer, p. 7). Ethical knowledge utilizes the reasoning process rather