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The Great Recession

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1.1 Introduction – What is a Recession? A recession can be defined as “two consecutive quarters of receding real GDP” (Leamer, 2008). This is where GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is seen as negative growth of the total quantity of final goods and services produced in a country. This decline within the economy can last for a specific period of time, and can be seen within national income, particularly with employment, expenditure, and production levels such as retail and food. This can be furtherly represented by the Business Cycle (figure 1), which displays the measure of economic activity that an economy may experience. The steady decrease in real GDP illustrates the contraction of GDP, meaning that the economy is now facing a recession.
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