From the early days of the AT&T monopoly into the 1990s, the courts and the Congress participated in an effort to protect consumers and bring competition into the markets for local and long-distance telephone services. This included strict “common carrier” regulations, interconnection requirements and the Modified Final Judgment in 1984, which forced the breakup of AT&T into regional Baby Bells. From the beginning of “community antenna TV” to the 1990s, a similar but more limited effort was made to regulate the newly made cable industry. While these regulations were somewhat successful, advances in technology quickly outstripped them in both the telephone business and the emerging field of high-speed data. A bipartisan consensus was formed