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Gender Differences In Mortality

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Mortality refers to the finite nature of the human race, people do not live forever eventually they die. In demography, the term mortality refers to the number of deaths in a certain geographic area at a given time. The measure for the number of deaths is called mortality rate and these rates can be high or low across the world because of various factors. Due to the various factors, mortality can differ significantly between different segments of the population in the same country. These factors include but not limited to socio-economic factors such as education, income, occupation, religious backgrounds, poverty as well as war and conflict.
Gender differences
In developed countries such as the United States of America, there I a gender gap …show more content…

Adult women under the age of 65 in the USA report more doctor visits than men, with the gender gap broadest among people aged 18-44. This is because of medical care associated with reproduction (NCHS 2006). Moreover, men drink alcohol more, and more often, than women and are more than twice as likely to die from chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (Miniño et al 2006). Possibly most importantly, more men smoke cigarettes than women, even though this difference is basically non-existent at younger ages. Smoking is particularly significant in this case because approximations suggest that increasing rates of smoking among men, relative to women, accounted for 75% of the increase in the gender gap in mortality between 1910 and 1962 (Retherford 1975).Current approximations suggest that smoking accounts for 25% of the overall sex mortality difference, and much more when cancer and respiratory disease mortality are separately considered (Rogers & Hummer …show more content…

One religion of interest is the Johanne Masowe Chishanu (JMC) which is mostly dominant in the Manicaland province in Zimbabwe. This religion has certain beliefs and practices which increase mortality rates especially those associated with maternal deaths. According to Anderson (2001) diseases are seen by the JMC members as having spiritual causes and cures. Chipungudzanye (2003) adds that JMC members refuse to use modern medicine and believe that prophets and other church elders with the gift of healing provide medical care for church members. They also believe that any illness or health related misfortunes are a result of witchcraft, thus, there is need for witchcraft detecting and eradication (Farhadian 2007). The JMC also prohibits the use of contraceptives and getting medical care for

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They offer an explanation when presented with the death of a young adult, or when someone who seems to be of relatively good health becomes ill (Barker 2008:129). For example, the death of a young woman named Mona was blamed on sorcery in order to provide an explanation to the villagers since there were given no medical reason (Barker 2008:125). Barker concluded that although Christianity does not believe in sorcery, and both methods of understanding have different views, they can and do coexist in harmony within the Maisin people (Barker 2008:134). Hedican’s textbook “Social Anthropology” discusses the coexistence of Christianity and traditional beliefs among the Mi’Kmaq.

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However, as cigarette smoking became increasingly popular in the 1960s, the incidence of COPD became well-known to the public (CDC, 1999). Back then, cigarette smoking was labeled as cool, cheap, and socially acceptable. Cigarettes were originally sold as luxury goods for the urban elite. Ubiquitous messages reinforced the positive attributes of tobacco, causing the youths to have the impression of smoking as a social norm. As a popular trend, the baby boomer generation became known as the “smoking era.”

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The gender wage gap can be explained by the statistic; the female-to-male wage ratio of 2010 was 77% (Ferris & Stein, 2014 pg 255). This means that in 2010, the average female made 23% less in yearly earnings compared to men. Ethnicity can also be included to explain the wage gap. This can be explained by the statistic; Asian males make the most money compared to all other racial groups (Median, 2012). The symbolic interactionism view on gender can be explained as “Gender is learned through the process of socialization; gender inequalities are reproduced through interactions with family, peers, schools, and the media” (Ferris & Stein, 2014 pg 247).

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This is due to the traditional gender role that has been applied in a society for centuries, and it is fairly recent that the modern view of equality was adopted. Nonetheless, the efforts

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Katie Bardaro, from Pay Scale Human Capital, once said “The real issue here is not the gender wage gap, but the jobs wage gap. People are filling positions according to gender, with higher-paid positions being filled by men and lower-paid positions being filled by women. That needs to change” In addition, men and women have differences on how they get paid. People think that men should get paid more because they think that they can do so much more, when women can do the same amount as a man can.

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Gender equality: the pinnacle concept that American society is not-so desperately trying to achieve. Many Americans have convinced themselves that gender equality was remedied by the Nineteenth Amendment and the Second Feminist Movement, and have not considered the thousands of steps that are left on the journey. In recent years, a matter of public interest has been the gender wage gap, stating that women are earning significantly less money than men for doing an equivalent amount of work. Critics of the effort to “break the glass ceiling” claim that a pay gap does not exist, and that if it does, it is because women either do not work as hard, have to tend to their families, or hold lower paying jobs. However, the gender pay gap has been proven to exist in a variety of different forms,

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The gap between men and women has always seemed to be prevalent in our world it seems like it. From working wages to basic rights, women always seem to not be considered equal to men. In professional sports, for example, female athletes are paid less than their male counterparts, even if they execute better than them. "I cannot think of any other industry that has such a wage gap, really. Depending on country context and sport, a man can be a billionaire and a woman [in the same discipline] cannot even get a minimum salary" (Beatrice Frey, sport partnership manager at UN Women).

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It may be 2018, but the gender pay gap is still here, why is that? Women have been and still are getting a lower pay than men to do the same job. Women are doing equal if not more work, but somehow make less. The following paragraphs will explain what is happening today like the fact that over time men 's pay increases more than women 's does. Besides that I will also mention that not just white women make less than men other cultures make even less than them, and I also will share real people speaking up about them being paid less than men.

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Introduction Health is an important element throughout our life. A person’s health can be affected by many social factors such as gender roles and economic positions. As there are differences in health status between different populations groups, health inequality is then formed, for example, differences in morbidity and mortality rates between people from different social classes. In my essay, I will first define the meaning of ‘health’ from different perspectives. Then, I will talk about how social factors such as gender roles and economic positions determine a person’s health.

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Equality among people justifies the development of human civilization. The history witnesses how people mistreated the others and how other people fought for freedom. It proves a permanent truth that the more civilized the people are, the less inequality would be promoted. However, there was no one period in the past, even now, without inequality completely. The slavery issue in the West and the gender inequality in the East both brought unimaginable damage for not only the groups of people who were mistreated, but also the society which is supposed to be peaceful, fair and justice.

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The gender pay gap is the difference between earnings made by men and earnings by women. The Gender pay gap is generally due to various reasons, such as differences discrimination in hiring process, differences in negotiations for pay, differences in education choices, differences in the jobs men can go compare to women can’t easily go for. Some factors that cause the gender pay gap: • Women leave and re-enter the workforce to meet their family and children expectations • Low pay for some jobs, like childcare due to historical trends that continue • Lower educational levels of women due to traditions • Discrimination in the hiring process, compensation and promotion at workplace.

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It is proven that gender does contribute to a difference in wages in society and there for another cause of wealth inequality. The U.N. has found that gender discrimination is still a significant factor in holding many women and children around the world in poverty. In many countries, there is a gender income gap in the labor market. For example, in America, statistics show that “The median full-time salary for women is 78 percent of that of men”; despite the fact women make up half the workforce. One of the reasons women earn less income/money in their lifetime is usually because they are single mums and/or have more people/family to support on their

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The wage-gap between women and men in America exist. The income inequality exist because of male-dominated companies. In huge corporation, men are more likely to receive a raise and promotion in the workplace. Companies look towards male worker compared to female workers because health benefits the companies have to deal for towards women. Women cannot help if they have to go off work to deliver a baby.

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Women still fall behind in earnings and productivity, and in the strength of their voices in society. In some areas, such as education, there is now a gender gap to the disadvantage of men and boys. Gender inequality is seen at the very highest level, with women underrepresented in government decision making positions. Women

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The United States is currently facing an economical problem that involves males and female differences within the workplace. Males are given bigger and sometimes even better rewards for doing equal amounts of work as their female counterparts. Females are frequently not receiving the same wage even if they can complete the same job of a male. Also, females are less likely to get promoted within their job if they are competing against a male. A source states, “Women are now more likely to have college degrees than men, yet they still face a pay gap in every single education level,

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