Measurement issues. Data, even numerically coded variables, can be one of 4 levels - nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. It is important to identify which level a variable is, as this impact the kind of analysis we can do with the data. For example, descriptive statistics such as means can only be done on interval or ratio level data. Please list under each label, the variables in our data set that belong in each group.
Understanding statistics will give me the ability to make better organizational
PSY 350: Experimental Psychology Statistics planning worksheet 1. What is your conceptual IV? That is, what thing do you want to change for participants because you think it will affect an outcome? If you have more than one IV, answer this question for each IV separately. The conceptual independent variable is the emotions of the participants during the experiment. 2.
n research methods, every researcher uses a procedure or a means of measurement to collect data. For example, three types of basic measurement collection are self-reports, observational, and physiological. Each method has their pros and cons in research. Depending on the research you are conducting these methods of measurement can either guide you to great discovery the pro, or skew your data making it unreliable the con. Observational measure is the method of measuring behaviors by directly observing subjects (Leary, M. R. (2011).
pattern: Regularities and predictable relationships that emerge during the analysis of victimization data. Example: The age of the robbers from last year and now is between 22- 35 years old. 4. trend: Increases or decreases in a variable over the time.
Now that's only one of the times Florence Kelley uses statistics. She uses statistics again in this next quote. “Children 13 years of age to work twelve hours at night”(47). Florence kelley is now producing a scenario where the child is working at night harsh and cold for a total of twelve hours which is half of the day doing nothing but work. We have gone through ⅔ of the ways Florence Kelley has used rhetoric.
1. Statistical data was given to define the problem. That is the alarming number of children (9.8 millions) under 18 with no health insurance. (Sultz & Young, 2013, p.328). Also, the social, physical and academic problems children have to deal with because of lack of healthcare.
A statistic is quantitative or statistical evidence such as graphs, tables, or number. Yep Schwertner is really putting forth effort to win over his argument and show that this is a huge problem that should be solved. Schwertner informs that “since 2003, tuition and fees at Texas public universities have more than doubled” and that tuition “has increased an outstanding 222 percent” (Par 7). Schwertner uses this statistic to back up his testament that the Texas legislature made a huge mistake in letting public universities in setting their own rates. Since then student loans have increased over 200 percent which is basically like paying for almost three students.
Transforming the digital information into simple form. Inference: Making a meaningful conclusion based on the data is Inference in simple words. To minimize the duplicate data and make it to meaningful information. Identification of Relationships: Relationship between two variables or sets of data.
In the book the author starts off talking about a hockey player rise to the top sport in Canada. Canadian hockey is bias; thousands of people play the sport at a novice level before they even start kindergarten. Multiple different players succeed because they perform well, and the reason for their success is their ability and performance in the sport while other kids can buy their way in. The author then asks us the questions “Is this really the case for their success or are there other factors involved.” This is a book about Outliers and how men and women who do things out of the ordinary.
Being Average The video entitled, “The Myth of Average”, explained the current problem in our education system. He starts with a story about fighter pilots that he uses to relate to the same problem that our schools are facing. While the problem in the air force was a pilot seat designed for an average size, the seats never worked.
1.1 Explain how observations are used: Reference- www.slideshare.net. Text book- Penny Tassoni. Laser learning.
Similar to the use of ethos, statistics can also be utilized to add to the credibility of the writer and writing. In the article, statistics are used to give specific evidence supporting claims made by Summers. For instance, Summers makes his claim that plastic bags are in fact better for the environment and he uses evidence to back up his opinion. He says, “Compared to paper bags, plastic grocery bags produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions, require 70 percent less energy to make, generate 80 percent less waste, and utilize less than 4 percent of the amount of water needed to manufacture them.” The statistics used support Summers and illustrate the differences between plastic and paper bags.
Health statistics are important for knowing the health status of the whole population and its various segments and groups, as well as the trend in health status, the provision and distribution of healthcare services, and the impact of the provided services and programs. he success or failure of healthcare programs cannot be veriied without properly collected and interpreted health statistics. Proper allocation of resources also depends on health statistics. Researchers, presenters, and health care workers and students always need health statistics. However, it is not uncommon to ind a local article or presentation, which reports health statistics from all over the world, but fail to report local statistics from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
In quantitative research, variables are identified and defined, and then relevant data is collected from study participants. A strength of this type of research is that the data is in numeric form, making it easier to interpret. It also studies the relationship between independent and dependent variables and can address questions such as does a relationship between variables exist, what is the direction of the relationship, how strong is the relationship between the variables, and what is the nature of the relationship. To be able to discover and answer the cause-and-effect relationship is a strength of quantitative research. Lastly, in quantitative research, the study can either be experimental or nonexperimental, meaning clinical trial or observational study, allowing for different types of research studies to be conducted.
