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The Iron-Sulfur World Hypothesis: The Origins Of Life

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The origin of life has been a debatable topic between many individuals. Two theories were proposed that made these citizens questioned and constantly trying to understand how life on Earth ever began and what cause it to start. One of the theory that was proposed was the RNA World Hypothesis. This idea explained that organic molecules accumulated on Earth in the early years and perhaps different compounds were assembled together, aided by enzymes or catalysts, to build RNAs sequences that lead to the beginning of life through time. The second theory was proposed was the Iron-Sulfur World Hypothesis. This idea described how mineral catalyst presented near the deep sea hydrothermal vents created a series of chemical reactions that potentially …show more content…

Among the molecules, nucleases and sugars were the ones that came together to create a molecular that become one of the essential elements to the central dogma of life: the ribonucleic acid aka RNA. Since there is no such thing as more than one exact components in the molecular world, each sequence that was assembled select the ribonucleotides randomly which create a diversity of RNAs (part II page 1). These lead to the ideal of how diverse life is in the past and modern world. With the ability to copy and replicate new strands, the diversity and the expansion of RNAs are constantly increasing (part III page 3). Along with RNA on the central dogma of life, DNA and proteins also have a role and it is possible that they came from the existence of RNAs and other factors. While the amino acids were flying around the air on the planet, an attraction between a set of ribonucleotides and a specific amino acid occurred that allowed the binding to form a RNA sequence as well as a corresponding protein sequence. With reverse transcription, a corresponding of a DNA sequence that corresponds to the RNA sequence may form that would potentially carry the genetic materials because of its

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Bacteria may travel for a lengthy amount of time before crashing randomly with other planets or disks. If met with ideal conditions on a new planets’ surfaces, the bacteria becomes active and the process of evolution begins. In natural science, abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. It is a study of how biological life processes, and the method by how life on how Earth arose.

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Wachtershauser says that amino acids could have been created deep in the earth’s crust and these amino acids were brought up with other hydrothermal material into colder waters. Experimental research shows that minerals inside hydrothermal vents have the same properties to enzymes and are able to create simple organic molecules such as methanol and formic acid out of dissolved carbon dioxide in the water. A man by the name of Joan Oro found that the nucleotide base adenine can be made from hydrogen cyanide and ammonia in a water solution. His experiment created a lot of adenine, the molecules of which were formed by 5 molecules of hydrogen cyanide. Experiments done later showed that the other RNA and DNA nucleobases can be created with simulated prebiotic chemistry with a reduced

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These “building blocks of life” were found by NASA scientist’s Stardust spacecraft (Kaufman). These compounds could organize into self-replicating forms and even possibly organisms. Amino acids on rocks may seem insignificant because their occurrence is not uncommon in space, however some microorganisms like the chemolithoautotrophs can live on inorganic energy sources like minerals (NASA). By using information about extreme organisms on earth, scientists can compare their development with organic compounds found on space surfaces, and maybe discover how life

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“Scientist: 'We Didn't Create Life from Scratch'.” CNN, Cable News Network, 21 May 2010,

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Discovered in 1977, these sea vents, or hydrothermal vents, are actually by-products of plate tectonics which have a potential to produce enormous amounts of energy. Down approximately 2300 meters below the surface, water eventually reaches the earth ’s magma “where it is superheated and then returned to the ocean at temperatures as high as 400o C.” These hydrothermal vents produce a “black smoke” which is actually a variety of metals and nutrients that sustain ecosystems based around these vents. When the water is heated by the magma, it t picks up some of the

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The Cambrian explosion was a relatively short evolutionary event which occurred approximately 543 million years ago during the Cambrian period. The Cambrian explosion It is referred to as an explosion because it was during the Cambrian period where there was a mass increase of many different multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Fox Douglas, author of What Sparked the Cambrian Explosion, described the Cambrian explosion as an “evolutionary burst 540 million years ago that filled the seas with an astonishing diversity of animals”. This evolutionary event is believed to have caused the development of an immense amount of many different species whom developed below the water surface. It was during the Cambrian explosion where all but one of the

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Genesis 1:1-25, Colossians 1:16, and Hebrews 11:3 all discuss that God made everything we can and cannot see. God created everything; the plants, animals, water, and humans. In biology scientists discuss and discover different ideas and theories about each living and non-living organisms. They have learned living is made with cells. One interesting living organism are the plants.

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Chapter 1: Hydrothermal vent habitats As light penetration at depths below 300 meters is inadequate to support photosynthesis, ambient seawater temperatures below 1000 meters lie between 1 and 5⁰C and hydrostatic pressure increases with 1 atm for every 10 meters of water depth, for a long time the deep sea was not regarded to be a very habitable environment (van Dover, 2000). However, since the discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977 this view has drastically changed (Corliss et al., 1979; German et al., 2011). Different hydrothermal vents offer a range of different environments, and at particular venting sites teeming oases of life can be found with biomass estimates of 500-1000 times higher than at the surrounding non-vent deep sea (Lutz

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Was iron formed in the earth ? It is thought that the earth was once a part of the sun and then separated , so scientists thought that iron was formed in the sun but this supposition proved to be wrong because the surface heat temperature of the sun is 6000 Celsius degrees while the temperature of the core ranges from 15 million to 16 millions Celsius and in this degree , though high , is not enough to form an iron atom . The whole temperature of the solar system is not sufficient to produce just on atom from iron .

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The following response will look at the different origin beliefs and look the topic of fossils of animals to see how it compares to the different beliefs. Origin Beliefs Atheistic evolutionist The most popular theory of our universe's origin dated back to abound 11 to 15 billion years ago where a massive explosion allowed all the universe's known matter, energy, space and time came into being (known as the Big Bang). Before the Big Bang, scientists believe that the universe was very hot, small and infinitely dense with no stars, atoms, form, or structure. Then, the Universe began to expand and cool down at an incredible rate, which caused matter to coalesce into gas clouds, and then stars and planets.

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The scientists who are involved in the primordial soup hypothesis are A.I Oparin of Russia, J.B.S Haldane which was English, Stanley Miller, and Harold Urey. The year the scientists came up the with the primordial soup hypothesis was 1920. The claim that they were making that the origins of biomolecules was from a warm ocean that was supposed to happen about 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago. The evidence that was presented by these scientists were that life came from the ‘’organic soup’’ that was created by with the help of lightning, but the first living organisms from this idea would be heterotrophs. The only way for the heterotrophs to survive was to eat other organisms which were back then autotrophs.

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Science is invaluable when it comes to generating theories of how and when the earth was formed, the earliest geological processes, and the elements that comprise our world. But where science seems to come up short is in explaining how we got here, why we are here, and what our role is in the natural world. Nearly every belief system has a creation myth, and those myths, even if one deems them untrue, reveal truths about the human role in the natural world and our relationship with it, as well as providing insightful commentary on human nature. Each of the three creation stories we examined explain that the earth was created ex nihilo, or out of nothing.

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The LCHF provides insights into past mantle geochemistry and presents a better understanding of the chemical compositions that existed during the evolutionary transitioning, from geochemical processes to biochemical processes (Baker & German, 2004). However, there is a reason to doubt the origin of life from hydrothermal vents. One of the main arguments against the origin of life from the deep sea, is the fact that so many macromolecules are found in biology. Molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids are all polymers and form via condensation reactions – a wet environment is required for molecules to mix, but water then needs to be removed in order to form a polymer (Da Silva,

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When incorporating both science and religion to explain the physical, chemical, and biological origins, one must look at the origin of the cosmos, Earth history, the origin of life, and biodiversity. In doing so, one must maintain a balance between science and religion so that one does not supersede the other. Furthermore, by examining both sides, it will establish an answer that is mutually beneficial for both parties. Starting with the origin of the cosmos, Genesis 1:1 states that God created the universe, Earth, day, and night for nothing. While this story is accepted based on faith, science shows a similar event that resulted in the creation of the universe.

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