The Islamic trading influences had sparked a revolution of ideas in Italy that began to slowly move across the cultural centers of European kingdoms. When the Italian Renaissance spreaded across Europe it brought new innovations in technology, art music, scientific understanding, mathematics and medicine. These new ideas brought on the reformation; by the 16th Century the reformation began spreading religious ideas throughout Christendom, some European kingdoms had already begun applying Renaissance inventions to new economic opportunities also know as exploration. In 1000, Europe was unprepared to undertake great voyages of exploration. The continent was politically fragmented and thoroughly enmeshed in local issues. Further, there was no compelling need to confront the conditions. It would be more than 400 years before European conditions had changed enough to justify the expense and danger involved in such considerable perils lurking in the open ocean.
Mercantilism was encouraged throughout the royal courts to keep the stability of economics. This doctrine assumes government control of foreign trade is the most important element of ensuring prosperity for a given state. The concept of this is to let everyone know that trading partners need each
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Many people mistakenly refer to Africa as a country, but it is in fact much larger than North America. Its peoples are cultural diverse and its cities highly industrialized and modern. Yet the problems facing African nations today tend to receive more attention than the successes. Much of this is the product of modern history. So let’s consider what African communities were like before the European “Scramble for Africa,” when European imperial representatives literally carved the continent into random boundaries and assigned each section to a different imperial overlord, forever dividing long-lasting existing groups with well-developed identities, customs, and