Advantages Of Bioremediation Of Dyes Industries

aquatic organisms and disturb the integrity of the ecosystem (Mester and Tien 2000; Puvaneswari et al., 2006) by alters the pH, increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).Dyes industries have also a serious role in environmental pollution. Dyes mainly used in paper, textile and leather industries. Pollutant released from these dyes industries cause water and soil pollution. Water and land pollution by dyes industries affect large numbers of people and environment. These pollutants affects in many forms. They include not only chemicals, but also organisms and biological materials, The number of potential pollutants is therefore essentially countless. There are, for example, some 30,000 chemicals in common

However, there are a number of advantages to bioremediation, which may be employed in areas which cannot be reached easily without excavation. The foundation of bioremediation has been the natural ability of microorganisms to degrade organic compounds. Bioremediation is not a panacea but rather a natural process alternative to such methods as incineration, catalytic destruction, the use of adsorbents, and the physical removal and subsequent destruction of pollutants. The cost of moving and incinerating pollutants is at least ten times that of in situ biological

Fungi have pathogenic capebility for the biodegradation of undesirable materials or compounds and convert them into harmless, acceptable or useful products. Various fungal strains are known to degrade a wide variety of recalcitrant compounds, such as xenobiotics, lignin, and dyestuffs, with their extracellular enzymes. Many studies have also demonstrated that many fungal strains are capable of degrading various types of synthetic dyes such as azo, triphenyl methane, polymeric, phthalocyanine and heterocyclic dyes (Chulhwan et al., 2004). Many researchers used the lignolytic and nonlignolytic fungi for the decolorization of dye wastewater. The lignolytic white rot fungi are known to be the most efficient microorganisms for dye degradation. The lignolytic fungi, including Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichophyton rubrum LSK-27, Ganoderma sp. WR-1, Trametes versicolor, Funalia trogii, Irpex lacteus, etc. were widely used for the decolorization of textile dyes (Novotny et al., 2004; Zille et al., 2005; Nilsson et al., 2006; Yesiladal et al., 2006; Revankar and Lele, 2007; Park et al., 2007;). Fungi especially the white-rot fungi produce enzymes laccase, Mn peroxidase and lignin peroxidase (LiP), which are involved in the degradation of lignin in their natural lignocellulosic substrates (Duran et al., 2002). Dye decolorization by the fungus is mediated by biosorption as well as