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The Protestant Reformation In Europe

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The Protestant Reformation marks a radical shift of control in the world powers of Europe that agitated the moral, political and economic organization of all societies to follow. Due to the multifaceted nature of the effects of the Protestant Reformation, the presence of a “winner” or “loser” is nebulous. The ideological evolution instigated by the Reformation lead to adjustments in all aspects of life, including the economy. In Max Weber’s seminal work, “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”, he expounds upon the possible economic benefits of such an evolution. The numerous consequences of the Reformation in Europe overwhelmed the opportunity economic change, but the United States were capable of change and ultimately gained economic …show more content…

The Church in that time period was overrun with corruption and avarice, leading it to sacrifice its spiritual integrity for money. Plenary indulgences were being sold in order to pay for the luxuries desired by the clergy, the very men who had taken upon themselves vows of poverty in the service of God. Martin Luther sought a reform of the Catholic Church, and desired to bring it back to its original truths and teachings, but instead founded his own church, opening the door to the establishment of numerous denominations. Of these, Calvinism, centered mostly in France and the Low Countries, became increasingly popular. Calvinism adopted the Catholic Church’s opinions regarding the dignity of human labor. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states, “man collaborates in a certain fashion with the Son of God in his redemptive work. He shows himself to be a disciple of Christ by carrying the cross, daily, in the work he is called to accomplish. Work can be a means of sanctification and a way of animating earthly realities with the Spirit of Christ.” (CCC 2427) An important doctrine of Calvinism, was that of predestination, stating that whether one would go to heaven or hell was already decided. The concept of predestination led to a feeling of insecurity among the people, since there was no way to ensure eternal salvation, but rather would find out at death. Thus, the Calvinists

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The Protestant Reformation had a huge impact in all Europe in the sixteen century, but which ones were the factors that lead to it? It is very important to highlight that the European Christianity was falling into a noticeable corruption of its popes and some other high position members. Robbery, and even warriors were among of some factors that took the Cristian Church to a declining path. One of these examples was the Pope Julius II, which one won the nickname “the warrior pope” because he led armies against people. Furthermore, the church was not the only factor promoting this reformation, some other social changes were occurring with the masses in Europe; many of the peasants were being free especially in the western Europe.

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As followers of John Calvin, they believed that God was all powerful and completely sovereign. A persons salvation was based largely on faith, and Puritans viewed themselves as God 's chosen people. The

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John Calvin was a French Theologian who and was the leader of the Protestant Reformation (John Calvin, World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras). He first had studied to become a priest then became fascinated with theology and started to study it (John Calvin, World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras). The church taught that if you are not a part of God than you will not go into heaven. John Calvin believed that all people are flawed and corrupt so because of this they can not understand or take part in his salvation (John Calvin, World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras). John Calvin’s moral was everyone should live a moral life and hope that God will save them (John Calvin, World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras).

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John was a thinker and writer around the time Elizabeth became Queen. Calvin’s big idea was over pre-destination which was ultimately explaining how God selects who will be saved

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When the Protestant Reformation occurred, it had a large effect on western civilization. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th century when Martin Luther wanted to increase life and develop the right way within the churches. The Protestant Reformation changed life for people for Europe by the changes with religion, gender, and class. In Europe, there was a lot of religions fighting for the chances of succeeding and having all the power.

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In 1536 an Institute had given Calvin a reputation for the Protestant leaders, while Calvin spent the night in Genevalate, the preacher and reformer of Guillaume was creating Protestantism in the town. He persuaded him to continue to help in this line of work, his influence has not only persevered in the Church of England, where Calvin was greatly respected among those Puritans who were unfortunately separated from the Anglican Establishment, but also persisted in the Reformed churches of France, Scotland, Hungary, Germany, and the Netherlands. The latter was formulated into their own personal churches, Congregational or Presbyterian, which is what eventually brought Calvinism to North America. Even in today’s modern society these wonderful churches, along with the authentic Reformed Church and German Evangelical, recognize John Calvin as one of their founding fathers.

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The results of Protestant Reformation had came out to be the developments of individual values toward religion tolerance. As the heretics endured prosecution, more people yearned for an acknowledgement for religious freedom and

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When examining three of these differences in doctrine, and how Calvin’s prayers from the Commentary on Hosea touch on the subject, one can clearly see how the prayers illustrate the conflict between Roman Catholicism and the Protestant Reformation that was beginning. The first one of these conflicts was the issue of sanctification. In his first prayer, John Calvin is heard pleading with God that grace will remain extended to him and other believers. He admits that there is sin and wrongdoings in each and every person’s lives and prays that the Lord will restore his heart to a holy and righteous state. This process of being continually renewed to a state of righteousness and pure heart is often referred to as sanctification.

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Augustine seems to reinforce this believes when he says that salvation can only be through Gods grace because he has the sovereignty power over everything and that sinners are not worth the grace of God. Weather this is true or not raises a controversial debate that seems to contradict free will with predestination. If everything has been decided by God then that means not even our free will can change things. In relation to salvation and eternal life we can’t chose to go to heaven because God has already chosen his team that supposed to inherit eternal life.{Calvinism)This

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Weber describes how the Calvinist quest for salvation brought up culture of reason, stability, coherence and discipline, and world mastery. For him man does not by nature wish to earn more and more money, but rather wants to live as hi is accustomed to live and earn as much as is necessary for the purpose. And in the places where modern capitalism has begun to increase the productivity of human labor by increasing its intensity, it has encounters the stubborn resistance of this leading trait of pre-capitalistic labor. This process cuts the cord linking the individual to the religious institutions and contributes to the development of a new kind a possessive individualism, emphasizing a new culture dedicated to the transformation of human environment and the legitimation of money. Management now requires that men and women organize themselves in a strict fashion.

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This leave people in a place where they can just do what ever they want because either way God had already chosen what going to happen to them and there is nothing they can do about it. But, there still must have been people who worked hard for a living because they didn’t know which way god had already chosen for them to go, and they were hoping he choose salvation so they would make him prod by working hard for him now. So what is the definition of Predestination that Calvin talks about all the time anyways? “Predestination is a religious belief involving the relationship between God and His Creation. The general idea behind predestination is that God, before the Creation, predetermined the fate of the universe throughout all of space and time.

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In his most famous publication, Weber studies the relationship between the ethics of ascetic Protestantism and the emergence of contemporary capitalism. He accounts bureaucracy as a key feature in modern society. This is in no way a detailed account of Protestantism itself but instead an introduction to his later studies such as “The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism” or “The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism”. Weber argues that the “spirit” that defines capitalist ideas originates in the Protestant Reformation.

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We begin our discussion on the issue of Predestination with debate between the Calvinists (led by Theodore Beza) and the Arminians (led by Jakob Arminus). The Calvinists based their position on the belief of double predestination, where some people are elected to be saved, and others to damnation (McGrath 1997: 453). It is also termed the doctrine of “limited atonement’ and “particular redemption”. This is summarized as the "Five Points of Calvinism." The Arminians objected to the Calvinist position.

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Weber’s aim is to comprehend the origins of the spirit. He then turns to the idea of Protestantism for a possible explanation. According to Weber, Protestantism gives an idea of the concept of “calling,” thus gives the activity a religious character. While essential, this idea can’t explain alone the motivation to pursue gains. A branch of Protestantism, known as Calvinism has proven to provide the necessary explanations for the current

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The basis for this belief is anchored in original sin or as later termed, total depravity. In other words, humans have nothing inside of them that seeks after God;3 therefore, God seeks men and women to save them. Furthermore, Calvinism is most often associated with monergism and highlights unconditional election, meaning God choses who is saved; and limited atonement, meaning Christ’s death was only for those God chose.4 Their list also includes irresistible grace and perseverance of the saints; however, just with the first two it is very clear that most monergists believe that the gift and task of salvation is solely the work of God apart from any human decision or

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