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The Silk Roads Established By The Han Dynasty

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The Silk Roads were established by the Han dynasty in 130 B.C. and it was used for over 1500 years until it was closed in A.D. 1453 by the Ottoman Empire, who boycotted trade with China. It was a trade network that connected China and the Far East, with Europe and the Middle East. It cuts across Central Asia and as far Southward as India, as well as ports around the Mediterranean Sea, which shipped goods to cities in Europe and the Roman Empire. The trade network stretches approximately 4000 miles. The Silk Roads might have officially opened up trade between the East and the West in 138 B.C. when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to contact different cultures in Central Asia. His reports from the journey conveyed valuable information about lands and people in the West. However, the transportation of goods along these routes dates back even further. Approximately 300 years before the Silk Road, Darius I, the Persian ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, established The Royal Road, …show more content…

Expansion by the Persians included smaller routes that connected the Indian subcontinent to Mesopotamia and North Africa, through Egypt. Using the Royal Road, Alexander the Great expanded his territory into Persia, and parts of these routes were later incorporated into the Silk Roads. Trade routes between China and Greece were first opened during the first and second centuries B.C. The Kushan and Roman Empires also benefited from the commerce created by the Silk Roads. The ancient Greek word for China is “Seres” which translates to “the land of silk”. Despite the link to this name, the term “Silk Road” was never officially used until 1877 when Ferdinand von Richthofen first used it to describe the routes. However, historians prefer using the term “Silk Routes” because it’s a more accurate description of the trade

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The time period 600 BCE – 1500 CE was bringing many new innovations to trade throughout Eurasia. The extensive Silk Road connected European countries to the far eastern Asian countries (China and India), allowing the rare goods from China to find their way to European markets. New technologies in maritime trade included the production of lateen sails and dhow’s in the Indian region of trade. These technologies allowed trade efficiency to increase allowing states merchants and governments to make more money. Religious people and Statesmen had different viewpoints on this new wealth accumulation.

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In turn, these civilizations helped each other develop, and they all were able to keep up with one another. The Silk road promoted the trade of various products and skills throughout the third-wave era, from all around Eurasia. China spread papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and compasses; Other Asian countries collectively spread medicine, and agriculture; and the Middle East spread math and astronomy. Similarly, the Sea roads also helped spread products and ideas from one area to another. South Asian countries and the middle east were able to spread Navigation & shipbuilding skills, Spices, medicines, astronomy, textiles, weaving, math, calculations, and metalworking.

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During the time period of 600 CE to 1450 CE, people on the Indian Ocean sea lanes and on the Eurasian Silk Roads traded luxury items and used their new technology to help trade prosper. Although they were both trade routes, the Indian Ocean sea lanes traded overseas and the Eurasian Silk Roads were land routes. Indian Ocean sea lanes connect Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. The Eurasian Silk Roads connected East and West China to the Mediterranean. Trade was greatly increasing in these two trade routes around this time.

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The Silk Road began in the 2nd century BCE with the diplomatic missions of Zhang Qian sent by the Han Emperor. The Silk Road was largely fragmented, commodities carried by merchants of many countries on the Silk Road from present day China to present day Turkey. The interaction of these different cultures created a cultural diffusion that can be seen in the resulting names, tools, jewelry, luxuries and house wares that these different societies adopted. Silk was one of the most important items traded along the Silk Road. Once the Silk Road was open techniques of weaving the silken thread did not begin to spread because this material was similar to that used by cloth weavers.

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The Silk Roads played an important role in connecting Afro-Eurasia, both culturally and economically. The term “Silk Roads” was first used by Baron Ferdinand von Richtofen, a German geographer from the 19th century. He created the phrase to describe the routes between India, China, and the Mediterranean, which were used to transport items such as silk, livestock, glass, and precious metals. Historians have speculated that the roads might have been used as early as 2000 B.C.E. In the last century B.C.E., the Silk Roads experienced a golden age.

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The Han Dynasty lasted until 220 C.E. but the Silk Road, a network of trade routes that connected Europe and Asia, continued. During the reign of the Three Kingdoms, the Silk Roads were used by Indian Missionaries in order to spread Buddhism. The Silk Road was not only used between these two countries during this time. Relationships were made between countries through the trade along the Silk Road. China used this network to trade items such as silk, porcelain, spices, and precious woods.

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Silk Road trade flourished again during the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. as the Byzantine Empire, the Muslim Abbasid Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty in China created an almost continuous belt of strong states across Eurasia. 3. Silk was desired in Central Asia because it was used as currency and as a means of accumulating wealth. In both China and the Byzantine Empire, silk was a symbol of high status. Finally, silk was associated with the sacred in the

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For example, the Ottoman army conquered Constantinople, and the Franks did many crusades to conquer Jerusalem. But the most important was the deserts that were along the Silk Road made traveling hard for goods to come to China or to go from China. Ibn al-Athir talks about the invasion of the Tartars, which is a Mongol group, “For some years I continued averse from mentioning this event, deeming it so horrible that I shrank from recording it and even withdrawing one foot as I advanced the other,” (Document 3). This evidence shows that the Mongols used the Silk Road and other trade routes to invade empires. It may have been easy for armies to walk across it to invade.

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The Silk Roads were a network of trade routes that connected various regions and civilizations in Asia, Europe, and Africa. It contributed to the economic, cultural, and political exchange between these regions for many centuries. Civilizations that were part of the Silk Roads benefited from increased trade, access to new goods and ideas, and cultural diversity. However, at the end of the Middle Ages, the Silk Roads began to decline. Some may argue that this decline was a result of a lack of manufacturing, but in spite of that, new threats, new technologies, and new political policies all played a significant role in the decline of the Silk Roads since they affected various aspects of trade and transportation.

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Indian Ocean Trade: The Indian Ocean trade routes ran through Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. During the classical era it involved the Mauryan Empire, the Han Dynasty, and the Achaemenid Empire. Coastal areas used dhows, a type of boat, to maneuver the seasonal monsoon winds, and after the domestication of camels trade goods such as silk, porcelain, spices, slaves, incense and ivory became popular. The Indian Ocean trade routes also influenced the spread of religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. Silk Road: The Silk Road was established in the Han Dynasty of China.

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During the Post-classical era, trade heavily affected the Tang and Song Dynasty and the Ghana and Mali empire. Trade affected their economy, which allowed them to expand their territory. The Silk Road and the Trans-Saharan trade routes share the similarities of used to transport goods and ideas, which allowed merchant to trade luxury goods, such as gold or silk, with other merchants. The Silk Road has a rocky terrain that passes through the Eurasian continent and used horses as their mode of transportation, where the Trans-Saharan trade route passes through the Sahara Desert and used camels to transport goods.

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The route the Polos took was similar to the track of the ancient Silk Road, a complex network of trade routes that gave people the chance to exchange goods and culture. They tr¬¬¬avelled on donkeys, horses and camels; across mountains, deserts and through ancient towns. After 24 years and 24 000 km they returned to Venice with riches and treasures, stories of far off lands and innovative ideas on technologies. Marco Polo was one of the first Europeans to travel the Silk Road to China and was the first European traveller to write of the region.

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The Silk Road was an important route that was connecting Asia with the Mediterranean, that also included North Africa and Europe. Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in developing the great civilizations of: China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, and Rome. This route along with the Europeans change of thinking about this route ultimately revolutionized spices and what we value them at today. This was an important mark in history especially for the poor.

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They traveled along the Silk Road, the ancient trade route that connected China to Europe, and reached

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