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The Slippery Slope Argument Analysis

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1. The slippery slope argument is fallacious reasoning which argues that, as on a water slide, once a person initiates an action there is no stopping until it hits bottom. For example, if smoking was banned people would turn to street drugs, so by keeping the right to smoke it will prevent crime. 2. The appeal to ignorance states a position to be true, or at least well –supported, by appealing to the fact that there is no evidence to prove the position is fake. For example, we cannot prove that God does not exist. 3. The bandwagon appeal is an appeal to popularity it is the attempt to justify a position on the basis “everybody is doing it”. For example, When I was a child probably in my pre-teens being very impressionable wanted my ears pierced and when my parents said no my response was all my friends have theirs done …show more content…

Causation is the fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome. For example, I can conclude my mom will order a root beer soda at lunch because on many prior occasions she has done so. 7. Appeal to authority is whenever people justify their values and ideas by appealing to an authoritative source. For example, buying a supplement because Dr. Oz or the doctors promoting claiming it will help you. 8. Analogical argument is a form of inductive reasoning that rests on the similarities between two things. For example, Just like a caterpillar comes out of its cocoon, so we have to leave our comfort zone. 9. Circular reasoning is an error in which a conclusion that a person is arguing for is already assumed to be true in one of the argument’s premises. For example buying a miracle cream because the written testimonies say it works. 10. Inductive thinking is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. For example, all of my cousins have the talent to sing and so will all of their

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For instance, if one claims that the voting age of eighteen in Canada should be reduced to the age of sixteen, many would assume that if the voting age is reduced to the age of sixteen, teenagers would identify themselves as adults which will cause them to make their own decisions and persuade themselves to make the wrong decisions, such as dropping out of school at an early age. In this case, the argument of whether the voting age should be reduced to sixteen will be considered as a slippery slope argument because individuals will make assumptions that once the voting age is reduced, then teenagers will no matter what, drop out of school and refuse to part take in any educational activities; as this assumption is not supported by any evidence that this event will in fact take place if the voting age is reduced. Therefore, the causal chain is not convincing because not every event that takes place must have a negative event that follows. Every event that takes place has its own causes, effects and reactions from other situations; as for no event can be the same, since it is unpredictable if the event will happen or not without any solid

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Analogous argument sets up a direct comparison between two things in order to prove a certain thesis. Abductive explanation uses its conclusion to explain its thesis. Authors may use cause and effect strategy to strengthen a claim by proving that there is a direct link between one thing and another.

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The slippery slope fallacy can be challenging to identify. The argument which relates to a chain of events, each event leads to an event that leads to an additional event. To avoid the slippery slope fallacy, best practice to ensure each event related to the argument is realistic and reasonable (Carolina, 2016). Other approaches would include using a strong premise to truly believe that both are true and relevant to the subject. This is done by enforcing strong support for your argument and conclusion and ensure to address proper and most relevant areas of the subject.

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Naive inductivism or good science, says to observe and record all the data. This first step alone is an immense task that in fact impossible to accomplish. Using the example from essay one, before doing anything, Dr. Semmelweis would have had to record every single fact about the women who were infected with the fever. This data could have included the women’s diet, their health prior to being pregnant, their home environment, weather conditions when the women were infected, etc. The point being that all the data about the women would have to be recorded and this would take a long time making naive inductivism weak before even looking at its other

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Introduction Deductive thinking is a logical reasoning process involving deriving specific conclusions from general principles, rules, or premises. It follows a top-down approach, where conclusions are drawn based on the logical implications of facts or assumptions. In deductive thinking, if the premises are true and the logical reasoning is valid, then the conclusion must also be true. It is a fundamental aspect of formal logic commonly used in various fields such as mathematics, philosophy, science, and law. To apply deductive reasoning effectively, individuals need to develop several key skills.

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Z All three scholars use the argument of analogy which is described as arguments based on the similarity

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You think the world is ultimately a just place; you will have a tendency to look for reasons to blame victims of inexplicable injustices. This is the concept of the cognitive bias “Just World Phenomenon”. The following example of Just World Phenomenon was presented to us while discussing the lecture on the different classifications of cognitive bias. During the discussion of Just World Phenomenon, examples were lacking to further explain, in more depth, about the actual bias. Curiosity was brought to my attention on the matter, wanting to comprehend the bias more thoroughly.

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Causation strictly means no freedom and no responsibility. A good example that backs this claim is that if a sixteen year old girl grows up her whole life in an environment that promotes violence and beating your child, because she too was beat as she grew up, you can’t blame her solely for beating the life out of her newborn when it cries. How do you blame a sixteen year old if she literally had no idea of what it was to love your child and console it when it cries? She didn’t know-

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The arguer just believes the argument to be true because someone else or a group of people believe it to be true 4. “Hitler was a vegetarian, therefore, I don’t trust vegetarians.” The arguer

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The Validity of Inductive Reasoning Knowingly or not, just about all humans live their lives under the Inductivist presumption, using their past experiences and observations to navigate the future, assuming the regularities which have always held true will continue to do so. Skeptics of this are the Counter-inductivists, who point out that using the past to predict the future is not a logically sound method by offering an opposite conclusion. Counter-inductivism seems somewhat silly at first glance, after all, what reason do we have to believe things should radically change from this point forward? This viewpoint arises from an observation on how we construct theories from the data we have collected.

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How Analogy Relates to Legal and Moral Reasoning Analogical reasoning is among the most popular and common reasoning humans use. This is something you find in everyday life. When sitting down and deciding what to eat for lunch we usually tend to base our choices off of analogical reasoning. Maybe you are sitting there deciding you want to go back to the Mexican place around the corner because the last three times you went there it was delicious. Perhaps you decide to try the Italian place down the road because five of your friends have expressed good experiences to you about that Italian restaurant.

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Fallacy is “a reasoning ‘trick’ that an author might use while trying to persuade you to accept a conclusion” (Browne and Keeley, 85). They are known to be tricks or illusions of thoughts. They are often sneaky and seen everywhere specifically in politics, editorials, commercials, or advertisements. There are three common characteristics a critical reader should be suspicious of: reasons that requires inaccurate or incorrect assumptions, diverting a reader by making information seem relevant to the conclusion when it is not, and support of a conclusion that is already proven (Browne and Keeley, 85). Identifying these three characteristics will prevent a critical reader from being influenced.

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In inductivism, a finite number of specific facts leads to a general conclusion. In falsificationism, definite claims about the world make a law or a theory falsifiable. The more falsifiable a theory is, the better, but not yet being falsified. For falsificationism scientific progress is possible via trial and error. While inductivism is applied to mathematics for instance where generalization is more possible, falsificationism is really common in biology, physics or social sciences, where there is not a general pattern, but many exceptions to the laws or theories.

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A good reasoning is a reasoning that leads to certain, true and valid conclusions. There are two kinds of reasoning, inductive and deductive reasoning. Both processes include the process of finding a conclusion from multiple premises although the way of approach may differ. Deductive reasoning uses general premises to make a specific conclusion; inductive reasoning uses specific premises to make a generalized conclusion. The two types of reasoning can be influenced by emotion in a different manner because of their different process to yield a conclusion.

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A large proportion of human knowledge is derived by way of induction, both in laboratories and in day-to-day settings. For example, after seeing that water boils when the temperature hits 100 degrees Celsius a huge number of times, scientists confidently claim that “water boils at 100 degrees Celsius”, and after seeing the sun rise every morning for years, a father would explain to his child that “the sun rises every morning”. Induction is one form of logic that is usually opposed to deduction and there are different ways of explaining the difference between them. We often distinguish the two by saying that when one is using induction, he or she goes from specific instances to make general rules, while in deduction, he or she goes from general rules to describe specific instances.

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