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Globalization: The Optimistic And Pessimistic Perspective

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The two Competing Aspects of Globalization: The Optimistic and Pessimistic perspectives 1. Theoretical concepts of Globalizations Globalization is one of the most contested topics in the social sciences that have multiple theoretical and empirical meanings. The English language origin of the word ‘’globalization’’ can be traced back to the late 1920s. However the concept of globalization emerged in 1990s a crucial public debate relating to the spreading out and strengthening of social relation across world time and space. The historical literature of globalization was primarily focused on a global economic aspect, such as trade, foreign direct investment and international capital flows. But recently the term has been expanded to include broader range of areas and activities such as culture, media, technology, and societies, political and even biological factors. For example Financial Time Lexicon Dictionary defined it as a process by which national and regional economises, societies and cultures have become integrated through the global …show more content…

Economists, historians, and social anthropologists have postulated their own periods of its beginning. The economic historians have associated globalization with the advent of capitalism. They point out that globalization the turn of the 20th century is the heyday of globalization. Contrary to this dated globalization back to the down of history. According to historians globalization is not a new phenomena connected with the advent of capitalism, rather it has happened for thousands of years. They argued that globalization started after the first circum navigation of the early 1519 when people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages

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During this period, new societies were being shaped and formed in many different places in the world. Globalization changed societies and influenced them. Globalization is defined as when countries develop international influence. This definition represents the process of the development of the countries empires and way they were developmentally influenced by others around them.

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Many different trade routes can be found throughout history, but three of the most important lie in one area- Eurasia. The Silk Road, Mediterranean Sea, and Indian Ocean are all huge contributors to the world we know today. They linked the areas of China, Italy, and everywhere inbetween. From 600-1450 CE, many continuities and changes occurred in Eurasia’s trade networks. The continuities like products exchanged, reason for trade, and ideas did not directly affect the changes that occurred like disease, control, and technologies.

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The defining factor of the Post-Classical era was more transregional interactions, specifically in the form of trading. Trading allowed many different regions of the world exchange their ideas and beliefs, and led to the general advancement of humanity as a whole. Specifically, two major regions involved in trade were East and South Asia. I argue that transregional trade between East Asia and South Asia in the Post-Classical era had extensive trade networks promoting trade and diffusion of ideas and disease stay a continuity. However, trade in this era changed in the way it was conducted, and the types of items that were traded.

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“Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by

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It is a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Globalization is affected by everyday choices and culture due to our growing technological horizon. Today we have more of a reach and can interact with many more people compared to years past. Because of this greater influence, stronger more independent countries can now reach out to and provide aid to the smaller, impoverished,

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Historian Janet Abu-Lughod would argue that international trade was not eurocentric and Europe was not the start of international trade, and her point is accurate. The Silk Road arose during the period of the Han Dynasty, and it can be defined as an ancient network of trade routes in which was, for centuries, central to the cultural interaction of societies all over the world. This trade network would reach its peak from the 2nd century C.E. to the 13th century, in which it would widen its reach and strengthen its purpose. During these years, the Silk Road would reach from the east Mediterranean to the western parts of Europe, and the spread of trade, ideas, and disease would flood through each trade system. China would produce silk for foreign

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3. Globalization Throughout the last decades, globalization became a real phenomenon, but history tells us that it is actually not a new social, historical phenomena, but has, under different names and manifestations, been with us for a long time. It is actually not only the continuation of the liberalization of international trade, which began in the mid-19th century with the launch of cross-border trade over long distances and later with intensive large-scale mobility of labor and capital. During capitalism, globalization has amplified due to the lust for profit, which is driven by capitalists across the globe. Indeed, globalization has significantly strengthened ever since.

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Globalization occurred in the 1400s – 1800s was a major advancement in the human world; ideas were spread, economies grew, new lands were discovered, and new technologies arose. During these time new global networks grew through newly discovered sea trade networks. Through the exploration of these routes new lands were discovered. Countries such as Spain conquered these newly discovered lands, and Spain’s power grew. Other kingdoms and countries followed the trend of discovery, found their own new lands, and colonized them.

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The term “Globalization” has been in existence for the past 50 years. It is one of the major causes of the increase in international trade. The Oxford Dictionary defined Globalization as “the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale”. It is a phenomenon that has been in the front burner for several years. Certain individuals opine that it serves as an advantage for the developing countries to compete in the global market while others were of the opinion that it favors the developed countries by making them richer (Giddens, A. 1999).

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In the late 1980s, globalization theory started to emerge as the new forms of capitalist hegemony appeared (Savage, Bagnall and Longhurst, 2004). Globalization is a process of encouraging closer political, economic, social interaction and break down or reducing the trade barriers between countries (Mittelman, 2000). It can be divided into two main categories: globalization of markets and globalization or production. Globalization of markets is a process of the worldwide market integration and has created a global market place (due to countries are reducing trade barriers). For example, in this 21st century, products that we consume or access are no longer from just one person, company or place but globally as the presence of the global market

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The exceptionally notoriety of the word 'globalization’ signals a require for caution. The word was barely utilized some time recently the late 1980s, indeed in scholarly circles, but nowadays you can barely open a daily paper without experiencing the term. It might effortlessly show up to is an elegant name utilized to assign wonders around which one has as it were the vaguest thoughts. However to dispose of the concept of globalization, and the huge consideration agreed the marvels it envelops, on such grounds, would be silly. There is a genuine require for a common, non-specific term to portray the complex, multi sided ways in which the world is inter-connected, and progressively so.

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Globalisation is a process whereby flows, exchanges and interactions are transboundary in nature. People, goods, services, ideas and information are being exchanged globally with intensification and acceleration. These exchanges are worldwide and real time. The results of globalisation are interconnectivity, integration and interdependence. With globalisation, many global citizens have greater mobility, which allows them to seek better opportunities overseas.

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“How does 21st century globalization differ from 20th century globalization?” Globalization heavily implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers. It also occasionally discusses the less common dimensions of globalization, such as environmental globalization or military globalization . Those dimensions, however, receive much less attention the three described above, as academic literature commonly subdivides globalization into three major areas which are economic globalization, cultural globalization and political globalization. The evolution of globalization is still open for debate according to some scholar’s dates back to Ice Age when people used to travel in search of food, trade and security.

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What can be defined by economic globalisation is the increasing economic integration and interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world through an intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies and capital. Whereas globalisation is a broad of set of processes concerning multiple networks of economic, political and cultural interchange, contemporary economic globalisation is propelled by the rapid growing significance of information in all types of productive activities and by the developments in science and technology. Some theorist also defined Globalisation as a historical stage of accelerated expansion of market capitalism, like the one experienced in the 19th century with the

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The aim of this assessment is to reflect on what I have learned this semester regarding the module of Business in Global Context; from the lectures with the professor, the case studies done in class and the three previous patchworks that we worked on. We have learned that there are different internal and external components that affect the business environment, from corporate social responsibility to cultural and institutional framework; organizations must take into consideration all the factors related to the different parts of its environment. For the topic discussion, I will be discussing globalization and how it has affected the global business environment along with the key aspects and the different point of views regarding it.

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