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Thymosin Beta 4 Case Study

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Following successful studies using TB-500 by researchers at Wayne State University School of Medicine to together with the Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, Michigan, RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc published the results of this study which showed that thymosin beta 4 was an active corneal wound healing and anti-inflammatory agent Thymosin beta 4 is a protein that naturally occurs in all cells except in erythrocytes. Despite this protein being a key monomeric actin-sequestering peptide within cells and with ability to depolymerize F-actin, studies are showing that it has several diverse cellular functions. In this particular study, the researchers investigated the multiple mechanisms of action associated with Thymosin beta 4 and the role it …show more content…

The researchers had linked synthetic thymosin beta 4 to potential application in promoting mycordial cell survival during acute myocardial infarction. They administered intravenous synthetic thymosin beta 4 or placebo to four cohorts that were each comprised of 10 healthy subjects. The cohorts were administered with rising doses of 42, 140, 420, or 1260 mg. for safety purposes, the patients were administered with the same dose regimen daily for 14 days. The researchers then performed evaluations on safety, incidence of treatment-emergent adverse effects, and pharmacokinetic parameters. The observed adverse events were mild or moderate and infrequent. The researchers did not observe any dose limiting toxicities or serious adverse effects. The pharmacokinetic profile after the administration of a single dose indicated a dose proportional response and the half-life was shown to increase directly with the increasing dose. Intravenous administration of the synthetic tymosine beta 4 as a single dose or in multiple daily doses within the range of 42-1260 mg had favorable tolerance with no signs of dose limiting

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758 Words | 4 Pages

The purpose of this experiment was to understand the pharmacokinetics of the drug acetaminophen within the body, specifically focusing on its partition coefficient, drug protein interaction and its bioavailability through various form of administration. The bioavailability of the drug was determined to be 100% for IV because the drug is injected directly into the systemic circulation in its active form and this is also visible on Figure 4, where the initial concentration of drug is much higher than in PO and IP. For PO and IP administration, the bioavailability was determined to be 72.6% and 39.1%, respectively. This makes sense because both of these type of administration involve the first-pass effect where a portion of the drug is metabolized by peripheral organs, especially the liver in this case, and therefore the amount of active drug reaching the circulation is less. PO administration, however has a much higher content reaching the circulation than IP, because the IP route involves passing through the whole gastrointestinal tract before being absorbed in the liver while the IP route injects the drug into the

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655 Words | 3 Pages

Which of the findings from the nursing assessment demonstrate possible adverse effects from amphotericin B? If respiratory distress occurs, discontinue infusion immediately; anaphylaxis may occur. Monitor patient closely during test dose and the first 1–2 hr of each dose for fever, chills, headache, anorexia, nausea, or vomiting. Renal function should be monitored frequently during Amphotericin B therapy.

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183 Words | 1 Pages

Wheaton says his medication makes him heat-sensitive, have cotton mouth, head buzzes, and even dizziness. Even with these terrible side effects, he knows it is better than going without taking

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1823 Words | 8 Pages

Prescription drugs pose many health risks including both short term and long term side effects. Every prescription information sheet from any local pharmacy lists a plethora of warnings, cautions, and possible side effects. In many cases, the patient is forced to wonder if the prescription drug will help their illness, or cause further medical issues. Side effects that are considered “mild” are still troubling. Side effects such as drowsiness, sleeplessness, muscle pain, dizziness, nausea and bouts of depression may not appear to be harmful but can cause serious consequences.

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1024 Words | 5 Pages

Tylenol #3 Docusate Adverse effects Respiratory depressions with apnea, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, constipation, light headedness, dizziness, anxiety (Karch, 2013). Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea. Dizziness, headache, fatigue, weakness, loss of fluid, electrolyte

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259 Words | 2 Pages

organize the 1961 Freedom Rides (“SNCC”, n.d.). In 1964, SNCC turned their focus to Mississippi (“SNCC”, n.d.). That year those young activists helped create the Freedom Summer (“SNCC”, n.d.). This was an act to get national attention on Mississippi’s racism and to assist black voters for registration (“SNCC”, n.d.). Baker, along with her other counterparts, believed that voting was the key to freedom (“SNCC”, n.d.).

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603 Words | 3 Pages

There are quite a few serious side effects associated with taking Symbicort that you should be aware of. Pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections are possible side effects. However, people with COPD have a higher chance of getting pneumonia. 1COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include a change in the amount or color of mucus, fever, experiencing chills, and increased coughing or breathing problems.

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531 Words | 3 Pages

Herbal products have been used for treatments since ancient times, before the exploration of synthetic industrial drugs. Since herbs are natural, most of the consumers believes herbal products are completely safe and the product use continuously increased and is reported 10-19% growth in United States. In U.S.A any botanical product affects the structure and functions of the body belongs to either a drug or dietary supplement and FDA regulates the dietary supplement. The author of this paper selected St. John’s wort ,as the herbal supplement for this assignment of patient educational flyer. Product Description: St. John’s wort (SJW) is a yellow flowering plant, grows in the wild used for health purpose for long time .The

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1371 Words | 6 Pages

Task 1: a) The immune system has two ways of defending the body, nonspecific and specific immunity. There are many barriers in the human body which protect and defend the body from any unwanted, potentially dangerous pathogens that may try to enter. When the body is dealing with a pathogen for the first time, the nonspecific response will be put to use. The biggest barrier that the body has is the skin. The skin contains many layers, the outermost layer of the skin is known as the stratum corneum and it consists of around 15-20 layers of dead skin.

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Method: The organ bath file was opened and we examined tissue type and Agonist and Antagonists of different drugs which were available. Guinea pig ileum was selected as tissue type and Acetyl choline as agonists. Then different amount of acetylcholine were added to the organ bath which produced different results and finally, a log – dose response curve for acetyl- choline was constructed with the X axis corresponding to drug dose (Drug concentration) and the Y axis corresponding to response (gms).

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953 Words | 4 Pages

Congestive heart failure is a serious condition associated with reduced cardiac оutput, hyperthrоphy of the myоcardium, and stimulatiоn of the sympathetic NS. This results in down regulation of the beta AR number and cAMP in response to the оverstimulatiоn. Agonists of those receptors increase the cAMP levels, inverse agonists reduce those levels. However, it has been shown in vivo that inverse agonists such as metoprolol and bispolol cause improvement in mortality rates in mice models, xamoterol – an agonist used increased the mortality, while carvedolol – a neutral antagonist, did not have any effect (Greasley and Clapham, 2006).

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1007 Words | 5 Pages

The pieces that I will be analyzing are the Head of an Akkadian Ruler, 2250-2200 BCE and Thutmose’s Nefertiti, 1353-1535 BCE. I personally think that these two pieces represent an eerie naturalism, which also makes them different based on their facial features, abstract patterning, and the masculinity and femininity. The piece that I am analyzing is the Head of an Akkadian Ruler that was created between the times 2250-2200 BCE, found in the ancient Mesopotamian city Nineveh, which is located in modern day Iraq. The head is what survives today of a life size hollow-cast sculpture, because it was destroyed in antiquity.

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1445 Words | 6 Pages

An organ bath experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of agonist, histamine on guinea pig ileum (GPI) and how the antagonists, mepyramine and SIPBSDrug A affect the GPI’s response (smooth muscle contractions). A GPI simulation was conducted to compare the potencies and nature of antagonists against histamine. The control Rmax and EC50 of histamine without antagonist were 16.49gms and 2.093 x 10-7M respectively. The concentration-response curves were shifted to right parallelly and EC50 increased while Rmax remained constant when mepyramine or SIPBSDrug A was added. Besides, both antagonists showed linear graphs in Schild plot, indicating that they acted as reversible competitive antagonists.

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1367 Words | 6 Pages

ANCIENT EUROPEAN ART Prehistoric and Primitive Art: Paintings in the prehistoric era i.e. during 1400 to 9500 BC were generally done in huge limestone caves that served as habitation. Cave paintings have been discovered in Northern Spain and Dordogne Valley of South-West France. The Paleolithic art that flourished in this region is termed as the Franco-Cantabrian school. The paintings during this period were done for magico-religious purpose.

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1223 Words | 5 Pages

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drugs at timed intervals in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration in a patient's bloodstream, thereby optimizing individual dosage regimens. It is not necessary to use therapeutic drug monitoring for all the of medications, and it is used mainly for monitoring drugs with some narrow therapeutic ranges, drugs with marked variability in pharmacokinetic, medications with target concentrations which are difficult to monitor, and drugs that are known to cause therapeutic and adverse effects. The process of therapeutic drug monitoring is based on the assumption that there is a specific relationship between dose and plasma or blood drug concentration, and between concentration and therapeutic effects. Therapeutic drug

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