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Unknown Lab Report

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the identity of three unknowns existing in a 1:1:1 mixture. An extraction technique was therefore used to identify the unknown acid, base, and neutral as the compounds must first be separated. Extraction is a method of separation that is based on the difference in solubility of each compound in a mixture. There are a couple of necessary requirements for an extraction to be completed with experimental success. In this extraction there were two liquid solvents used, an original solvent (So), and an extraction solvent (Sx). The original solvent and the extraction solvent must be immiscible, such that when the extraction is over the two solvents would be separated from each other. The extraction solvent also cannot irreversibly react with the compound that is being extracted. However, the extraction solvent must be as specific to the desired extraction compound as possible. It is not realistic to get 100% of the extraction compound back either.The last requirement is that the extraction solvent should be easily removed when the process is complete. These requirements were fulfilled by manipulating the original solvent’s pH to thus change the solubility characteristics of the unknown compounds. By changing the pH of the solution, the compounds in the mixture can become charged ions …show more content…

The melting points of the purified acid, base, and neutral precipitates were taken to compare the melting points found in the experiment to the standard melting points of the potential acid, base, and neutral compounds that could have been used. Based on this melting point comparison, it was concluded that the unknown acid was benzoic acid, the unknown base was 3-nitroaniline, and the unknown neutral compound was most likely

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Claim: Through the tests performed in lab, it was concluded that unknown powder E was NaHCO₃, powder K was MgSO₄ and powder V was cornstarch. Evidence: Unknown element E was first tested with phenolphthalein and the solution turned pink, this test left 3 possible compounds; NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaCO₃. Next the compound was tested with iodine and the solution turned yellow showing that now there was two compounds that could be the identity of unknown powder E; NaHCO₃ and CaCO₃. After that compound E was tested for being soluble in water, the powder was soluble, this proved that unknown element E is NaHCO₃. Unknown Element K was also first tested following the steps for the phenolphthalein test and the compound turned clear, this test ruled out NaHCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaCO₃. Second the unknown powder was tested with iodine and the solution turned yellow, leaving NaCl, CaSO₄ and MgSO₄ as possible identities of unknown powder K. Considering this it was next tested for solubility in H₂O, and it was concluded that the compound was soluble. Next the unknown element was tested with sodium hydroxide and a white precipitate formed proving that unknown powder K was MgSO₄ because NaCl and CaSO₄ were ruled out.

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Exercise 14: Unknown Identification Lab Report The purpose of the study was to identify the unknown bacterium using various biochemical tests in addition to using scientific methods in determining the outcome of the hypothesis. Each biochemical test will help determine the bacteria based on specific characteristics of each organism. I was giving unknown number 232. The first procedure that needed to be done after obtaining unknown bacterial mixture was to isolate the two bacteria in a pure culture using the streak plate method described in Microbiology Laboratory Manual Eight Edition. The material used was trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate, nutrient plate, starch agar, hydrogen peroxide, iodine reagent and microscope.

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Unknown D’s low scale of conductivity in solution is the second piece of evidence in proving that substance Unknown Substance D is a covalent compound. When an ionic compound is mixed with water, the negative atom of the substance attracts to the slightly positive hydrogen atoms, and the positive atom of the substance attracts to the slightly negative oxygen. This way the negative and positive atoms separate into ions and have free electrons moving around to conduct electricity. Sadly, covalent compounds do not get

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Lab Number One Michael DeMart Lynn University Lab Number One Humanity is the master of innovation with millions of people living in superb living conditions around the world today. But as we examine the past it is evident that millions of people lived in harsh conditions especially those who lived by the arctic circle, for example, the Sami people who live in northern Sweden. A question that arises is how did these people construct their huts to keep warm in the winter months where the outside temperature gets cold as -30 degrees Celsius. So why did these scientists decide to conduct this study?

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In this experiment, preparative gas chromatography was performed to isolate components present in a mixture before infrared spectroscopy was utilized to determine the separated parts. At the start of the lab, unknown # C-2 at 170C was provided for testing. When the GC was ran, the retention time for fraction 1 started with 2.12 minutes and ended with 2.96 minutes. The retention time for fraction 2 started at 4.56 minutes and ended at 5.96 minutes. After centrifugation, a small amount of the sample was pulled to the bottom of the conical vials to be used in the infrared spectroscopy.

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Using a process called successive extraction the aqueous phase was drawn and combined with the first portion. To make sure that all traces of sodium hydroxide had been removed, thee ether layer was extracted with one milliliter of deionized water. The deionized water was added to the ether and rinsed five times and then the water added with the aqueous extracts. In step twelve the ether was transferred into a 10 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask. In step thirteen, one scoop of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the solution and was allowed to sit for ten minutes.

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When given unknown solid the main objective is to find what the unknown solid is. To figure out what the unknow solid is it was put through some tests and trial to figure out what was the unknown solid. Chemistry is part of everyday life and the reason to investigate unknown solids is to ensure we're not in contact or consume dangerous chemicals .Other people were given an unknown substance and were trying to figure out what there unknown solid was as well and there was duplicates of the same solids. The goal is to find the group that best matches our result and compare to see if the compound is the same.

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The white shiny product had a slightly foul, acidic odor. When the liquid was distilled, the colorless product totaled 2.02 g. Initially relying on the crude solid’s melting point to identify an appropriate solvent for the recrystallization process, the melting point indicated that the unknown acidic solid could potentially be

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Analysis: In order to test the null hypothesis of this lab, it was first necessary to calculate the theoretical concentration of acetic acid in a bottle of vinegar because it can be used to compare with the results of the titration experiments in order to see whether or not the vinegar contains 5% acetic acid by mass. Therefore, the number of moles of acetic acid was calculated through the use of its density, its molar mass, and the total volume of the vinegar. Then its molarity was calculated using its number of moles and the volume of vinegar used in each trial.

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The partition coefficient provides an approximate relationship of the solubility of benzoic acid in the organic layer versus the aqueous layer. The partition coefficient is extremely useful in the health sciences due to the crucial information it gives for establishing proper drug delivery. Having precise drug delivery is vital for making sure pharmaceutical compounds are distributed in the body as safely and effectively as possible. In this experiment, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed in order to purify benzoic acid.

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The three-component mixture was separated through the isolation of each individual component. The isolation process began with o-toluidine, which utilized the addition of hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and dichloromethane—to the mixture—for the formation of an organic layer that contained pure o-toluidine. Then, the addition of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid to the remaining mixture resulted in an organic layer, which contained pure benzoic acid precipitate. Finally, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and methylene chloride were added to the remaining mixture of anisole, which resulted in a pure anisole because it removed all residual water and boiled off excess methylene chloride used. The percent recovered from extracted anisole, benzoic

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The weak organic acid is largely un-ionized in the aqueous solution.  No apparent change is observed when the reaction is carried out because the solutions of the starting materials and the products are colorless. The organic acid is soluble in water and thus, does not separate. It is necessary to extract the

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Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.

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Extraction is the process of separating substance from one phase by another phase. It is often used as one of the steps in isolating a product of an organic reaction. A separatory funnel would be used for the isolation from the mixture. A solvent will be used to remove or isolate a compound of interest from a liquid substance. In most cases, water was used as the solvent to the reaction mixture to dissolve the inorganic compound.

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