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Bronfenbrenner's Adoption Theory

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We as individuals and humans will encounter several things throughout the course of our life that will impact and shape us, weather it be religious views, our upbringing, or life events, all play an important role in our development. Urie Bronfenbrenner, a psychologist, believed that how a child and his environment interacted with each other will influence how a child will develop and grow. In Bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development he separates a child's environment into five systems they are, the microsystem, this is the child’s immediate environment, the mesosystem, which is the interactions and connections between the child and the microsystem, the exosystem, which is the system that the child will not directly be in but will have …show more content…

It is less formal and typically involves a related family member taking that child into their home and raising them. However it is very common for people to adopt children outside of their own country, this process is known as international adoption or intercountry adoption. As with any adoption complications can arise, in Sweden 5,942 internationally adopted children were studied and compared with people of the same ages, general population, and immigrants within Sweden. The study showed that the children adopted often had psychiatric problems and received long term help from social welfare services. It also brought to light ethical problems within international adoption. The study “Intercountry adopted children as young adults--A Swedish cohort study” says, …show more content…

Trafficking in children has been unveiled in some countries (Tizard, 1991). The adoptees’ loss of ties to the history and culture of their birth country has been 5 highlighted, especially so in Australia (Maluccio, Ainsworth, & Thoburn, 2000). Other authors have argued that intercountry adoptees may look upon themselves as outsiders in the receiving country (e.g., McRoy, Zurcher, Lauderdale, & Anderson, 1982). It has also been argued that a source country such as South Korea may be discouraged from developing an adequate child welfare program as a side effect of intercountry adoptions (Sarri, Baik, & Bombyk, 1998).”. IMPLICATIONS As stated earlier both past and current circumstances play a role in an adopted childs life. Adoption isn’t something to be taken lightly, as shown it can have serious consequences for the child that is being adopted. People who are planing to adopt should be educated and not go into it blindly, it can be a beautiful thing but not without its challenges, both for the adopters and

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For my next article, I will be exploring what adoption means to the children and the stages that they go through as they get older. The article, Adoption Through a Child’s Eyes, looks into how children understand adoption and how being adopted affects them. This particular article is making the assumption that the child in question was adopted as a toddler or preschool age, someone who didn’t know their birth parents or experience foster care and that the child knows that they are adopted. The first stage that the children go through is repeating their adoption story without truly understanding what being adopted means. At the age of five and seven, children start to learn how babies are made and may get confused on who actually birthed them.

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Many different options exist for couples who either want children but cannot have them or couples who have children but do not want them. Adoption, being one of the more popular options, has developed into a law binding agreement between the government and the parents towards the child. Its original purpose during the ancient times was continuing the male family line, but modern adoption from a foreign country to the United States is a challenging process with much sacrifice needed. Adoption has both positives and negatives for not only the newly unorphaned child, but also for the single couple or family. Governments across the nation have worked with each other through The Hague Convention and other organizations to help children find a home.

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Institutionalisation can also severely affect a child’s development, but this can sometimes be recovered when the child is adopted. The child’s physical features like height, weight and head circumference can suffer during this time. Also, cognitively a child’s IQ can be off a normal range if adopted around their 3rd birthday but when it comes to school performance the cognitive performance can lag cognitive competence. Also, when it comes to emotional development, a study of Romanian adoptees demonstrated that attachment was affected if the child wasn’t adopted before they were 12 months old compared to secure attachments likely to be achieved before then, but babies adopted under 6 months showed normal attachment patterns during early childhood.

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Tie to the audience: Some of the children that are in foster care might be related to you or the child could be someone that you know like a friend’s child. C. Thesis and Preview: Consequently, we need to do something to make adoption easier and better not only in the United States, but all over the world. Today I will give you a few solutions to fix the foster care system. I’ll begin by telling you about the need to improve foster care. II.

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From how children who were “displaced,” separated from their parents, tend to struggle communicating with their parents or other individuals. From the article of “Displaced Children”, written by the author Morgan Daget a novelist states, “Most of the time, displaced children find themselves separated from their close relations [sic] during such an event. Deprived of the care and protection of their family” (Displaced Children). In other words, this information demonstrates how children who do not have a great relationship or communicate with their parents later are vulnerable to other outside relationships. However, according to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, there is a treaty to help children, birth parents, and adoptive parents who are involved in intercountry adoptions called The Hague process.

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The third author’s blind information on families’ history could avoid the potential biases to some level. In addition, the assessment tools were all standardized, this could make sure that adopted and nonadopted children were assessed in the same way, and thus ensures the internal validity to some extent. However, the study also has some weaknesses. For example, children came from varieties of countries, with different cultural and racial backgrounds. The differences might play roles in the disorganized attachment formation

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People have many different ideas of what a family truly is. Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief challenges those ideas and causes readers to question if they actually know what a family is or not. Throughout the book, several characters face problems including losing their family, and figuring out who will act as a family to them. Zusak’s purpose in writing The Book Thief was to show that there are many different types of family by using examples of the foster system, taking in someone who needs help, and birth families who are broken. Some people may not consider adopting or fostering a child to be the way to create a “real family”.

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Transracial adoption (TRA), also known as interracial adoption, involves the placement of children in families that are racially and culturally different from them. In modern western societies, this practice largely involves the placement of minority ethnic children in white adoptive families (Barn, R., 2013). From Colonial Times, through World War II, children from within the borders of the United States were adopted by American parents of the same race. The intercountry adoption (ICA) of foreign-born children, began primarily in North America shortly after World War II and escalated again after the Korean War (Brumble, K; Kampfe, CM, 2011).

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Development of the Adopted and Its Connection to Their Happiness In America alone, there are more adopted children than one may realize, “About two percent of the U.S. child population is adopted, either from foster care or through private domestic or international adoption.” (“Archived Indicator: Adopted Children”). Does knowing about their birth families make a difference in their home lives? Adopted children do not grow and develop as well when they don’t know where they are from, therefore when an adopted child grows up learning about their birth family they are happy.

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Many people argue that adoption practices that involve forceful acts or fraud is a form of child trafficking (Brown & Roby, 2016). This argument has brought upon attention towards problems with unethical activities in intercountry adoption. Adopting a child and doing such unethical acts towards them should not be allowed. Before placing a child into the hands of someone else their background should be thoroughly examined before they are approved. They should have a trial period where the adoptee can bond with their potential adoptive parents to see if they match because the child's happiness is the top priority for the process.

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Introduction “Maybe these babies grew in the wrong stomachs, but now they have found the right parents” (Evans, 2008, pg. 159). Transracial adoption is the adoption of a child of one race by a parent or parents of a different race (Baden et al., 2012). This occurs both domestically (inter-country) and internationally (Ung et al., 2012). The history of international adoption stems from the Korean War (1950-1953)

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Transracial adoption (TRA) occurs when the parents and their adopted child are of different races. TRA has been a controversial issue as it is said to affect the child’s racial identity formation and development. Most TRA studies are done in the United States of America (USA) where there is an increasing trend of TRAs. The demand by Caucasian couples for babies is increasing but the babies available for adoption mainly come from African-American or Asian families. In the USA, from 1999 to 2013, the total number children adopted from China and South Korea is 91,002, comprising roughly 36% of the adoptions (Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. State Department, 2013).

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Research has also shown that children and adolescents in public and private adoptions who are older than eight when they are permanently placed, are more likely to be diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Agnich, Schueths, James, & Kilbert, 2016). It is also shown that children and adolescents who are placed in the foster care system, then adopted, suffer from anxiety and depression throughout their developmental years and into adulthood (Agnich, Schueths, James, & Kilbert, 2016). There is a clear connection between adoption and mental health, as research shows that children and adolescents that are adopted, often struggle with PTSD, attachment disorders, anxiety, and

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As such, adoption involves the rights of three distinct "triad members": the birth parents, the child, and the adoptive parents. Adoption is also a lifelong process. Ethical issues change over time as children who were adopted become adults and may choose to claim their right to know their genetic and historical identity. It is imperative that professionals working in adoption act ethically to ensure the rights of all the involved parties at all points in the process. In this section, find resources to help guide the professional's ethical practice in all phases of adoption.

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