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What Are Marx's Arguments Against The Working Class

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Friere theories so far demonstrate an affinity with the working class and the struggles faced by those of the period; struggles such as hunger and poverty, affected by the tyranny of government oppression. Friere theories primarily attained influence from Marx (1818-1883) born in Prussia, a German theorist and revolutionary socialist who believed that all community property should be communally owned; Marx believed in the existence of class struggle, alienation, and finally revolution essentially undertaken by the ‘proleriatat’. Marx saw the exploitation of workers for the profiteering of capitalists as being the main oppressor in society rather than Freire’s theories of oppression from educative methods. In this instance, Marx theories do …show more content…

Marx saw the early technological rise as a possible collapse of capitalism, as well as the balance of power unfairly weighed against the working class. However, Marx is quick to point out that without the working class a capitalist society would inevitably collapse, bringing about economic and social change; suggesting communal ownership as a more equitable outcome. Marx believed that in time with the possible dissolve of capitalism, economics would evolve around communal ownership (Hall, Lieberman, 2007 p44). This is seen in modern society, through the application of technological advances for employment, education, and entertainment purposes, which may in the future disband the need for a human workforce. However, it is the same workforce that provides the capitalist with the purchase… it is therefore necessary for the workforce to maintain a level of humanisation seen through Freire’s methods of Dialogical conscientisation’ which are enhanced by Buber’s dialogical

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Men want to be “free and conscious producers.” (“The German Ideology”) By impeding man’s ability to realize his true desires, capitalism incentivizes the proletariat to demand change and make it happen. According to Marx and Engels, it is people’s ability to produce not solely to meet their needs, but as an end in and of itself that makes us truly human, and people will not rest until they reach their human potential.

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In the beginning of the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution caused a massive economic spike from small-scale production to large factories and mass production. Capitalism became the prevalent mode of the economy, which put all means of production in the hands of the bourgeoisie, or the upper class. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels argue that capitalism centralizes all the wealth and power in the bourgeoisie, despite the proletariat, or the working class, being the overwhelming majority of the population. The manufacturers would exploit the common proletariat and force them to would work in abysmal conditions and receive low wages, furthering the working class poverty. “The Communist Manifesto” predicts that as a result of the mistreatment

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Meanwhile, more technological advances, the more the laborer is devalued inciting displacement and more despairing modes of labor. Marx illustrates the disparity by stating that: Labor produces for the rich wonderful things – but for the worker it produces privation. It produces palaces – but for the worker, hovels. It produces beauty – but for the worker, deformity. It replaces labor by machines, but it throws one section of the workers back into barbarous types of labor

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Marx, through his communist manifesto, believed that “modern industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist”, taking society from one epoch of social stratification and forced labour to Capitalism, under which the inequality between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat grew and became more evident. On the other hand, Durkheim saw industrialisation as a mainly positive occurrence which, along with the division of labour, provided the necessary institutions are in place to maintain it, as it causes society to change and develop and thus “civilization develops because it cannot fail to develop” (Durkheim: 1933: 337). Yet despite differences in their views of the effect, both Marx and Durkheim used the process of industrialisation to explain how society progresses and how society is held together or broken, with Durkheim, in particular, looking at just how much the structure of society changes as the division of labour progresses (Morrison:

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He argues that with all the pressures of class conflict and the imbalance of capitalism there is no way that this pattern can continue without a major revolution. Marx compares capitalism to anarchy, in the sense that there is no organization within which only causes chaos. The common pattern of capitalism is a boom followed by a bust, and that bust leads to recession and social unrest. This sort of fickle economy, Marx believes, will furthermore contribute to the downfall of capitalism. This socialist revolution would, “abolish private ownership of key elements of economy and change nature of relationships from ones based on marriage and property.”

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