In this research paper I am going to talk about three issues,which are Dar al-Islam,West Africa and Europe. I am going to explain what happened during the 15th and 16th century with the three of them and how they interacted with each other. The interaction of dar al-Islam and Europe led to many important occasions including the discovery of the Americas,its colonization and the beginning of the slave trade. I will discuss the exchange, clashes, and what happened between these two "universes" that in the end affected West Africa and the whole world. Dar al-Islam is a term that refers to “the home of islam”.
Post WWl, Russia was still not industrialized, suffering economically and politically and in no doubt in need of a leader after Lenin’s death. “His successor, Joseph Stalin, a ruthless dictator, seized power and turned Russia into a totalitarian state where the government controls all aspects of private and public life.” Stalin showed these traits by using methods of enforcement, state control of individuals and state control of society. The journey of Stalin begins now.
1. Communism: Communism is defined as the political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production and the natural resources of a society. This form of government is important because it is backed by the idea of pure equality and is known for being the highest, most advanced form of socialism. Communism fueled the leaders of the Russian Revolution, such as Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Leon Trotsky. When Lenin was called into power after Nicholas II’s abdication, he immediately introduced Communism as Russia’s new form of government.
This expansion of the capitalistic system lead to the rejection of communist principals (Document F), where production of goods is controlled by the state. Communist ideals were vehemently rejected by the consumers and businesses in the
Aurangzeb’s religious intolerance began the end of the Mughal Empire, whereas the European discovery of new trade routes to Asia bypassing the Muslims crippled the Ottoman economy, and the Savafid Empire’s abandonment of guns led to them falling behind technologically and militarily. In contrast, new European trade routes brought new technology and new food to Europe, allowing for technological innovation and population growth. The decline of the Gunpowder Empires and the growth of the Europeans can be compared to the eventual decline of the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and the growth of the United States. The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin was an atheist country and oppressed religion, just like Aurangzeb did with the Hindus. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union also fell behind technologically because Stalin felt computers did not comply with Soviet ideals.
Authoritarian states often dehumanize, or severely degrade, every aspect of their citizens’ lives. Though the intention varies, usually from suppressing dissent or ensuring their dominance, these states take complete control. Individuals that reside in these countries are stripped of their humanity, deprived of basic human qualities and liberties. These citizens are given limited to no opportunities to pursue genuine happiness due to the frequent manipulation that is exercised by corrupted governments. This problematic issue of dehumanization is brilliantly illustrated throughout Ayn Rand’s novels, We the Living and Anthem.
Conformity and group mentality are major aspects of social influence that have governed some of the most notorious events and experiments in history. The Holocaust is a shocking example of group mentality, or groupthink, which states that all members of the group must support the group’s decisions strongly, and all evidence leading to the contrary must be ignored. Social norms are an example of conformity on a smaller scale, such as tipping your waiter or waitress, saying please and thank you, and getting a job and becoming a productive member of society. Our society hinges on an individual’s inherent need to belong and focuses on manipulating that need in order to create compliant members of society by using the ‘majority rules’ concept. This
The quote highlights the discrimination and prejudice that Hazaras, like Hassan, face due to their lower social class. Through the narrator's discovery of the history book and his shock at the information it contains, the author emphasizes the lack of knowledge and understanding that many Pashtuns, like Amir, have of Hazaras and their history. This lack of understanding is shown to be perpetuated by the education system and society, which marginalize Hazaras and their history. The author also reveals the root causes of the discrimination, including the Pashtuns' Sunni Muslim identity and their historical oppression of the Hazaras. This quote illustrates how the author sheds light on the issue of social class in Afghanistan and how it leads to discrimination and prejudice.
Sayyid Qutb was one of the most popular authors of militant Islamic ideals of his time. He was college educated and was employed by the Ministry of Education in Egypt. Qutb left Egypt to study in the United States in 1948. Qutb’s decision to travel to the United States to study would greatly affect his beliefs on religion and his view of Western civilization, especially America (White, 2014, p. 197).
The stability of the society of the Middle East was affected by several aspects which made trade and commerce less viable, where Islam allowed much in the way of progress in the thirteenth and fourteenth
Fukuyama's work "The End of History and the Last Man" started a broad discussion in modern sociology and philosophy. In the book Fukuyama tries to answer the questions “Is history directional?” And “Can the scientific method cease to dominate our lives, and is it possible for industrialized societies to return to pre-modern, prescientific ones? Is the directionality of history, in short, reversible?” (Fukuyama, 1992, p.80-81) As the supposed mechanism of directed historical changes, he chooses the natural sciences, because of scientific knowledge, various historical changes, the form of production changes, culture, and education and so on.
Deviant behavior is the behavior that is different from the most powerful norms of the society or can also be defined as odd or unacceptable behavior. In sociological way deviance is simply any violation of societal norms. There are many reasons why a person has deviant behavior which includes biological , psychological and sociological explanations. the most popular sociological theories are Structural Strain Theory which was developed by Robert K merton as an addition of the functional point of view on deviance. The theory discovers the origin of deviance that these are caused by the difference
Consumerist manipulation in Religion Said by Yusuf Al-Khabbaz in this brief extract of his article that this unique concept of consumerism affects Muslims in majorly two ways, “There are two different types of consumerism. One is associated with shopping and advertising, the other with consuming in general, which can include consuming ideas, thoughts, behaviors and lifestyles. So on one level a consumer society is one that likes to shop a lot, but on another level a consumer society is a derivative society, one that has no sense of itself other than what it consumes; this applies to knowledge, education, technology and many other things. Muslim societies at one time were highly productive, but in the past centuries they have become highly derivative;
For many years there has been a constant struggle with the coexistence of the Islamic and western societies. The struggle runs much deeper than their fundamental beliefs as separate societies; it has more to do with their inability to remain peaceful and respectful of their opposing views on their different ways of life. In Islamic societies sharia law is practiced, this law sets harsh and strict guidelines on the lives of Islamic citizens. These laws control every aspect of their life ranging from religion to legal statuses. Both the western society and Islamic society struggle with accepting the opposing society’s views on life.
The government told the human race that nothing is wrong, it was just the citizens’ fear of the worst. So people did not worry about their lack of food or unsafe working conditions because they had no reason to distrust the government. They never realized that their idea of a utopia slowly slipped through their grasp. Rather than maintaining utter perfection in respect of laws, politics, customs, and conditions, the government remained in oppressive societal control; everything appeared ideal, but once examined closer, the true horrors came to light.
