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Nature and cause of transnational organized crime
Studies about transnational organized crimes
Studies about transnational organized crimes
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The article, “Immigrant Crimes: Cultural Defense--a Legal Tactic” by Myrna Oliver is published in the Los Angeles Times. The author’s purpose was to evaluate the use of cultural defense on actions that we, as American believed that it’s morally wrong. Oliver uses different examples and testimonies to display the effective use of culture defense to justified behaviors that violates American laws. The article argues that cultural defense is popular among immigrants to get lighter punishments since they have different values and beliefs in their hometown.
What benefits, if any, can a zemiological approach bring to the study of global crime and insecurity? The advancement of globalisation, technological knowledge and global markets have created conditions for global crime and insecurity to flourish. Crime is constantly developing and adjusting across the world. These challenges pose the question of what approach is necessary to combat and prevent global crime and insecurity?
Criminality established by those in power through the formulation of laws and their interpretation of those laws by police, courts and correctional institutions. The behavior of deviant, their norms and values are totally opposite of the dominant group. Sociologists believe that there is a process of labeling by which deviance will recognize easily. Based on
This weeks reflection gives us the opportunity to exchange any relevant information for the week's scenario project. The organization of large organized crime groups have the ability to threaten and weakened the infrastructure of the government. Throughout the history there has been cultures that intentionally join together in order to engage in illegal prosperous crimes. Some of these well-know organization stem from different countries like Russian, Hong Kong, Taiwanese, Japanese, Thailand and Thailand. For example, the Russian mafia operates in over 60 countries and they are involved in anything from racketeering, fraud, gambling, drug trafficking, human trafficking, robbery and murder.
Mostly the countries have been facing transnational threats, so called nontraditional security challenges, such as illegal migration, drug and human trafficking, gun running, smuggling of commodities and cross border terrorism and so forth. Transnational crime blurs the line between "crime" and "national security" because criminal organizations are now perceived as posing a national security threat to some countries as well as the international community. Officially demarcated borders cannot keep out transnational threats and such threats have not yet addressed because of some obstacles including mistrust and lack of regional cooperation. In an increasingly interconnected world, security issues are transnational and cannot be addressed effectively by individual states. Transnational threats require common efforts and joint action by governments across borders in order to be dealt with.
In the early years of the twenty-first century, this theoretical rejection of theprescriptive fantastic of international law regarded to be borne out in exercise as anumber of states, groups and humans became engaged in internationally‘unlawful’ action except even the far flung possibility that their habits may want to bechecked through the international legal system. Whatever the criminal deserves of the US-ledinvasion of Iraq or the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, or the detention of terroristsuspects barring trial, or the unhindered hotel to terrorism by using businesses primarily based inexisting states (with or except the support of any other state’s government), or therejection by some of worldwide minimum standards for the safety of theenvironment,
Political crime is often the result of the desire to follow a perceived higher moral road about normal society and the laws that society follows (Hagen, 2013). Political crime can be divided into 2 sections crimes committed by the government and crimes against the government, both have may different parts or aspects to its definitions. Crimes by the government are defined as those the violate human rights and liberties afforded to us by the constitution (Hagen, 2013). Crimes against the government can included protest, terrorism and espionage among others (Hagen, 2013). Both the crimes against the government and by the government have similarities in the mindsets of the people behind the crimes as well as differences in the actual crimes.
Human trafficking is a transnational phenomenon that comes second only to drug trafficking in the organized crime industry. Human trafficking, as we know it today is also called, “modern slavery.” Human trafficking is after all a business that produces billions of dollars. There are two different types of human trafficking, labor trafficking and sex trafficking. They both have various causes and ways to try and stop human trafficking.
The transnational nature of organized crime means that criminal networks forge bonds across borders as well as overcome cultural and linguistic differences in the commission of their crime. Organized crime is not stagnant, but adapts as new crimes emerge and as relationships between criminal networks become both more flexible, and more sophisticated, with ever-greater reach around the globe. There are many different definitions of organized crime in general, that depends on the organization or a country defining it. Most common characteristics though are that organized crime thrives on supplying illegal goods and services for which a large number of people are willing to pay. The goal of organized crime groups is to make money and its members also gain a sense of pride, power, and protection.
The Impact of Transnational Corporations TNC’s and the Environment on Foreign Policy Making. Environmental change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century facing humanity as a whole. Practical evidence suggests that this change in climate is due mainly to industrial activities of Transnational Corporations (TNC’s), thus this results in a global challenge that demands collective universal action because TNC’s are the source of economic empowerment and technological innovations. Thus, climate change is a challenge to the broader humanity’s technological and social creativity, ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions and to the ability to act responsively to the threats that will affect the world’s future generation.
TRANSNATIONAL CRIME Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. Transnational crimes also include crimes that take place in one country, but their consequences significantly affect another country and transit countries may also be involved. Examples of transnational crimes include: human trafficking, people smuggling and smuggling/trafficking of goods (such as arms trafficking and drug trade). It is a serious global concern that has the potential to seriously endanger the stability and security of nations as well as threaten international peace. Therefore, the fight against transnational organized crime must be done comprehensively.
Tong and Lei (2014) suggest that this policy is the starting point for ethnicity-related criminal issues. There are only a small number of extremists who are intent on making trouble. This policy enables separatist elements of minority groups to receive reduced punishment or avoid it entirely. It can be argued that it has become an “amulet” for minority separatist criminals. They use the privileges granted by the policies as an umbrella for the crime.
World cities are placed in modes of networks and their cultural organisations involves local as well as transnational relationships. There is a need to combine the various kinds of understanding of the characteristics of urban life in the world cities. As a first step in this direction, there can be identified four social categories of people who play major role in the making of contemporary world cities. The common fact about the people of all the four categories is that they are transnational, in one or another way. They physically remain involved in the world cities for some larger or smaller parts of their lives, but at the same time they also have strong bonds to some other palces in the world.
As far as crime is concerned, it is defined by the law. Deviance is unexpected behaviour, but not exactly considered criminal. Many consider crime as a social problem – a problem as defined by society, such as homelessness, drug abuse, etc. Others would say crime is a sociological problem – something defined as a problem by sociologists and should be dealt with accordingly by sociologists. This essay attempts to discover the boundaries between these two and ultimately come to an appropriate conclusion.
Introduction: Despite tremendous advances in science and technology the new millennium has witnessed violence, terrorism, wars and conflicts all over the world. The human miseries and pain were always there in the history of mankind, only their nature changed with the period of time. Today, on one hand human civilization has reached the apex of material development due to techno- scientific progress and on the other, human society has become a victim of war and weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, environmental destruction, population menace, poverty, food and hunger, illiteracy, over politicization of civil society, globalization, moral decay of human being and consequent psycho- physical diseases. As the world is shrinking today to a global village on one hand, on the other hand there is a growing intolerance, violence, race, caste, creed, sex discrimination and fanaticism. There is no denying fact that crime has also become globalised.
