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Why Does Evolutionary Change Occur In Populations Essay

751 Words4 Pages

Diego Villalobos Erives
Marlo Willows
Physical anthropology

How does evolutionary change occur in populations? What are the processes of evolution and how do they work?
Evolutionary change occurs in the population when it merges with another population that may have different straight suited to the environment or place that the population lives in it can be very positive because inn some cases a generation many not have an immunity to a sickness or infection virus or bacteria but the next generation will because they have adapted the their surroundings another benefit of evolutionary change is that many other chronic illnesses that are in other generation have dissipated because when population evolve they will have less of a rate of chronic …show more content…

“Gene flow — also called migration — is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another. Gene flow includes lots of different kinds of events, such as pollen being blown to a new destination or people moving to new cities or countries. If gene versions are carried to a population where those gene versions previously did not exist, gene flow can be a very important source of genetic variation” this genetic variation can help in displacing other genes that are less resistant to the negative effects of the place the person is living in. The last process is mutation it is a process that is neither natural or unnatural because it causes changes in the cells which could be beneficial or very bad an example would be cancer which is in fact mutation of the cells however it is harmful to the body fortunately there is only one type of mutation that can be inherited the university Berkley more accurately explains it

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The purpose of this experiment was to conduct a long-term population genetics study by observing five generations of Drosophila melanogaster to determine the allele frequencies of eye color. Population genetics is the study of distribution and change in allele frequency in a population (). This makes population genetics important to the study of evolutionary biology as it examines adaptations, speciation, and the population structure of a population under study (). Two important processes of population genetics that will be examined in this experiment are natural selection and genetic drift, both that are important to evolution ().

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Draft Change started taking place at the beginning of time and hasn’t stopped since. Organisms have changed to adapt to their surrounding. Environments have developed to live in different temperatures, and climates. When people were born into this world they instantly had to mutate for the sake of their lives. Fire for warmth, tepees for shelter, and clothes for protection helped people stay alive.

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Evolution, in common terms, is descent through genetic inheritance, with change in physical and biological characteristics. Evolutionary theory attempts to explain why we see so many species in world that seem so diverse and yet, have enough similarities that imply a common origin. There are various mechanisms by which evolution occurs, including natural selection, artificial selection, gene drift, etc., but in the end, evolution is process by which every single species that exists today, was derived from the last universal ancestor. This perpetual system of change and advancement, shapes the both the biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment, and results in the creation and advancement of the complex communities that inhabit the biosphere.

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Environmental change plays an important role in evolution. When an environmental change occurs, it can be a physical or chemical change. It can also be a gradual process such as the formation of mountains, or it can be a rapid and unexpected change, such as a natural disaster. When changes in organism’s environments occur, they must adapt to their new environment, this can cause ample amounts of selective stress and pressure on organisms, causing some species to eventually die out, while other organisms strive and evolve to be better adapted to this change.

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Variation is a difference of characteristics such as structure, form, function, colour and size when compared to others of the same species within a specific environment. Variation can occur through mutation, the recombination between chromosomes and migration, of which usually happens due to environmental or genetic factors. Variation permits the survival of species in a changing environment and ensures protection from exposure to diseases or environmental disasters. Those who possess variation in species ensures that when their environment changes the individuals will have the variation that will allow them to survive while those who do not possess the variation will die out. This is natural selection and goes hand in hand alongside variation.

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Five assumptions should be met to answer the question: 1. Infinite population size (no random drift): We have to assume that there are infinite number of individuals in the population. 2. No allele flow (no migration or negligible migration in or out of the population): There is no individual movement from population to population.

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It is not made any easier when difficult topics in difficult subjects are presented. Robischon decided that to teach topics in population genetics and conservation biology it would be better to find and explain some real examples instead of just teaching concepts by the book. First to start with a general idea of what genetic drift is. Genetic drift explains the nonadaptive genotypic changes within a population 1. It also states that allele frequency within a population can be subject to change as a consequence of random, nonselective events that alter the population size 1.

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A gene is the coding region of DNA, which contains the instructions for building the proteins that are responsible for each inherited trait. In fact, there are several versions of each gene called alleles, that give a trait more than one potential physical appearance. Genes are scattered along an organism’s DNA strand and can vary greatly in length. Within a species, the gene for a particular characteristic is always found in the same location on a particular chromosome.

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Genetic drift and fire is one of the few mechanisms of evolution. Genetic drift or allelic drift doesn't work to produce adaptations, in fact, it can cause populations to lose genetic variation. Allelic drift "occurs when the population size is limited and therefore by chance,

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The Theory of Evolutions was proposed by Charles Darwin and he surmised, that all living beings from multicellular form to single celled beings were descendant from a single ancient source that have adapted and evolved into their current form (Open University, 2016). This theory gives way too many of our current inspirations in science, we still desire to achieve linkage from one specie to another to prove the source of that particular species. In my opinion, theory of evolution is well supported and there are many examples that confirm natural selection of many species or their evolutions. I have always believed in the concept of natural selection. The idea of natural selection goes hand and with the business that I am in.

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The topic has spiked an interest among many scientists; some of those scientists had such breakthroughs in their research that they had expanded and impacted the theory of evolution dramatically. To develop a basic understanding of evolution, you would need to gather evidence and know the background of the contributors who strived to support it. One of the most famous scientists that are known for his contribution is Charles Darwin; he was born in 1809 and died in 1882. Charles Darwin had developed a theory of evolution, which had assisted in the explanation of biological change. Natural Selection was developed when he had gone to the Galapagos Islands near Ecuador and studied the different Finches that inhabited each island.

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The Evolution Theory (Rivard, 2017) builds around the process of natural selection, and is what I believe, the main reason we prefer certain individuals to be our partners. The natural selection theory argues that we chose partners that will have a prolonged life, be able to reproduce and pass desirable genetics on to our children. There are four traits that provided successful reproduction in the early life of humans, and what I believe still play a strong role in our mate selection today, these are; emotional, genetic, relational and social fitness (Rivard, 2017). Emotional fitness states we look for someone who’s inclined and able to provide us with emotional and social support needed, and genetic fitness presumes we look for

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Evolution, a process that occurs in the ever changing environment in which organisms adapt to their surroundings. Evolution is commonly looked at from two opposing viewpoints, gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. The current debate is which method better explains the way it all comes together. In a nutshell, the punctuated equilibrium theory states that evolutionary change is connected in speciation events, and that most species stay relatively the same once they have come into being. The lack of change over millions of years is referred to as stasis.

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Gene flow is the migration of an organism in and out of their population to another, thereby introducing genes of a different population to the current population. 4,230 years ago, before colonization of both India and Australia, gene flow was observed between these two countries (Pugach et al., 2013). Not to mention, there was certainly gene flow during the colonization period as well. Gene flow, due to our culture is actually at an all time high as people travel all throughout the world with the use of boats and planes. Genetic drift is also a major method of evolution.

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