Carboxylic acid Essays

1,3,4-Oxadiazole (1) is a heterocyclic compound containing an oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms in a five-membered ring. It is derived from furan by substitution of two methylene groups (=CH) with two pyridine type nitrogens (-N=) [1,2]. There are three known isomers: 1,2,4-oxadiazole (2), 1,2,3-oxadiazole (3) and 1,2,5-oxadiazole (4). However, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole are better known, and more widely studied by researchers because of their many important chemical and biological properties

These electron chains are oxidised, transferring all of their electrons to their carrier molecules which are embedded in the ECT membrane. NADH enter the electron transport chain. The FADH2 originate in the citric acid cycle. In the first part of this process, electrons that pass from NADH to the electron transport chain, flow through the remaining complexes. NADH is oxidized to NAD during process. In the second part of this process, FADH is oxidized, picking up

Chemical properties Pyridine is miscible with water and virtually all organic solvents.[10] It is weakly basic, and with hydrochloric acid it forms a crystalline hydrochloride salt that melts at 145–147 °C.[25] Most chemical properties of pyridine are typical of aheteroaromatic compound Molecular properties Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over

ethanoate, an ester. Ester is an important functional group that can be synthesized by several methods. Firstly, reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol through condensation reaction to form an ester with two conditions: extended heating under reflux and in the presence of catalyst such as p-toluene sulfonic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or the acid form of an ion exchange resin. This procedure is generally known as Fischer ester synthesis. It is reversible but proceeds slowly

The ester studied was “3,” the acid used was 9.5 mL of “B,” and the alcohol used was 18.1 mL of “C.” A few substances were added to augment the production of the ester. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was added using a dropper bottle to catalyze the reaction. The desiccant in this reaction was drierite and was used to absorb the water byproduct. This prevented the ester

esterification reaction was performed in order to create methyl benzoate from benzoic acid and methanol. Then, a GC was performed to confirm that methyl benzoate had indeed been formed. An ester is an often sweet smelling organic compound which contains a carbonyl carbon bonded to an oxygen connected to another hydrocarbon. Esterification is the process by which esters are synthesized from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. Fischer Esterification is a type of esterification reaction that was deveoped by

substitution. The purpose of this lab was to demonstrate the procedure for the synthesis of an ester from a carboxylic acid and alcohol using the techniques of refluxing. An ester is a very important functional group because it is widely distributed in nature. Additionally, esters can be synthesized with different methods such as direct reaction between carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, this is called Fischer Esterification. Furthermore, the by-product of the reaction is

Overall, a ester was produced using a condensation reaction. 1-pentanol and ethanoic acid combined and produced pentyl ethanoic, which is used as a flavouring agent such as bananas. The chemical/word equation is C5H11[OH] (1-pentanol) + CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) => H2O (water) + C7H14O2 (pentyl ethanoate) and this equation is already balanced. ESTER SYNTHESIS RESULTED MOLECULE (FORMULA) NAME STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM CONDENSED LINE Bananas C7H14O2 Pentyl Ethanoate CH3COO[CH2]4CH3 Also, a chart

Analysis & Evaluation: The reflux of ethanoic acid (carboxylic acid) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (alcohol), with the presence of the concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, successfully formed the ester with the systematic name 3-methyl-butyl ethanoate. The following equation demonstrates the formation of the ester. The individual stages involved in esterification are vital in the formation of a pure ester, each stage requires an effective manipulation of apparatus to ensure the overall purity. The

Extraction is the process of separating substance from one phase by another phase. It is often used as one of the steps in isolating a product of an organic reaction. A separatory funnel would be used for the isolation from the mixture. A solvent will be used to remove or isolate a compound of interest from a liquid substance. In most cases, water was used as the solvent to the reaction mixture to dissolve the inorganic compound. The organic compounds will be separated from the aqueous mixture by

excessive amoinut of Acetic Acid to shift the equilibrium to favor the products. Our results showed a successful reaction by comparing our boiling results and infrared results to the textbook data on Isopentyl Acetate. Introduction Isopentyl Acetate is an ester that is commonly referred to as banana oil, this is due to the similarity in odor of bananas. The reaction of creating Isopentyl Acetate does not favor the products there for an excessive amount of Acetic Acid will be used to shift the equilibrium

cases is dehydrated during the course of the reaction. Even if the dehydration is not spontaneous, it can usually be done easily, since the new double bond will be in conjugation with the C=O bond.   Ritter Reaction Alcohols is converted by a strong acid to a carbocation, which adds to the negative nitrogen. The immediate product tautomerizes to the N-alkyl amide. Only alcohols that give rise to fairly stable carbocation react; primary alcohols do not give the reaction. The carbocation need not be

iv. 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4 CHDM) 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol is an alicyclic glycol [52], the cycloaliphatic structure of 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol imparts particular conformational transitions and molecular structure to polyesters [53]. Ni et al [54] stated that polyesters containing cyclic moieties in their backbone are of transitional mechanical properties in comparison to aromatic and linear polyesters. 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol could provide an excellent compromise between hardness

Indtroduction: Polyester are polymers made by a condensation reaction taking place between small molecules, in which the linkage of the molecules occurs through the formation of estes groups. Polyesters are commonly made by interaction of a dibasic acid with a dihydric alcohol: HOOC-X-COOH+HO-Y-OH OC-X-COO-Y-OCO-X-COO-Y-OCO The formation of polyester was studied by Wallace H. Carothers of du Point during the investigation of polyesters which lead eventually to the discovery of nylon. Development

Acetaminophen can be synthesised from 4-aminophenol and acetic anhydride. Acetaminophen is an amide group. The 4-aminophenol is an amine group, it reacted with acid anhydride to form acetaminophen. Figure 2: Formation of acetaminophen from 4-aminophenol and acetic anhydride5. Some tests were carried out on the synthesised acetaminophen and USP grade acetaminophen. Infrared spectroscopy, melting point, ultraviolet

The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol, using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed, and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification, whereby esters are produced by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated acid catalyst. The ester produced had a banana smell odor. The extraction of the crude product was conducted using sodium bicarbonate

(acetylsalicylic acid) is an aromatic compound that contains an ester- functional group and a carboxylic acid- functional group. Aspirin is commonly used as a pain reliever (analgesic), an anti-inflammatory, an anti-coagulant (prevent platelet aggregation) and an antipyretic (to reduce fever) pill. It helps to prevent strokes, heart attacks and blood clot formation. It can be produced from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, with acetic acid as its by-product. However, salicylic acid consists of the

The methods which substitute fluorine for proton at an aimed position in chemicals has an ability to convert into useful pharmaceuticals or functional materials due to fluorine specific potency, and is often used as one of the improvement means. Whereas compounds possessing 2-phenyl-5-methyl oxazole in a structure are known to quite a few, the papers related to 2-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl oxazole of which substituted trifluoromethyl group instead of a methyl group as a partial structure are not so

belongs to class of haemostatic compound that blocks prostacycline synthetase, an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to Prostacycline and therefore increases platelet aggregation and platelet adhesiveness. It is used for the prevention and treatment of capillary haemorrhage, and postpartum haemorrhage. Ethamsylate is official present in British pharmacopoeia. [3] Tranexamic acid

Aim The purpose of this lab was to separate a mixture of carboxylic acid (p- toluic acid), a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol) and a neutral compound (acetanilide) using solvent extraction. Introduction Solvent extraction is a process that separates compounds from a mixture by a solvent. It involves the transfer of compounds from one liquid solvent to another liquid solvent. The two solvents used in this process should be immiscible to each other for the separation of compounds leading to an organic