Combustion Essays

Combustion Lab Lukas Worcester PGHS Introduction The concepts of hydrocarbons, combustion, specific heat capacity, and endothermic reactions must be understood by the students to complete the lab. Carbon and hydrogen molecules are what actually make up hydrocarbons structure. Hydrocarbons are typically utilized in fuels and lubricants, as well as raw materials such as plastic, rubber, and other materials. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion

Understanding how combustion reactions work is essentially valuable in many walks of life. Combustion reactions are used in many industries, and the understanding of them is essential in varying professions. Particularly, the engineering of a Bunsen burner is an example of both complete and incomplete combustion at work. Commonly used in school labs to heat chemicals, the Bunsen burner uses natural gas as its fuel, which is almost pure CH4 [methane] (BBC 2011). Since methane is a hydrocarbon, the

Introduction: Internal combustion engines play a dominant role in transportation and energy production. Even a slight improvement will translate into considerable reductions in pollutant emissions and impact on the environment. The two major types of internal combustion engines are the Otto and the Diesel engine. The former relies on an ignition source to start combustion, the latter works in auto ignition mode. An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture. Ignition systems are

submission: 01/12/2014 Comparing the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and Butanol(CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) in order to determine which one of them that is the more efficient as a fuel. Objective The purpose of this lab is to determine the fuel efficiency of the two alcohols Ethanol and Butanol, by comparing their respective enthalpy changes. The most efficient fuel will be the one with the highest enthalpy change of combustion. The enthalpy changes will be determined by examining the

How the Internal Combustion Engine Changed America Most every family owns and drives a car or truck these days, but many see automobiles as just another necessity and disregard any knowledge of what makes them capable of the feats that they accomplish. The driving force of automobiles is, of course, the engine. The internal combustion engine (ICE) propels them. Every ICE today bases their design on the first four-stroke engine created in 1867 by Nikolaus Otto. Otto created the engine to replace

A major issue today is the emissions of greenhouse gasses, which harm the ozone layer causing climate change. Internal combustion vehicles are one of the contributors to the greenhouse gas effect and can be reduced by diminishing the use of internal combustion vehicles and introduce electric vehicles. In the article “The car and fuel of the future” Joseph Romm a former Acting Assistant Secretary at the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, states that “the car

The motors used in Tesla cars are greatly efficient than combustion engines because of a few major factors. Tesla's electric engines provide almost constant torque (which can be thought of as a twisting force) over a wide range of RPM (revolutions per minute), eliminating the need for a gearbox. Unlike combustion engines, which, because of the conversion of linear energy into rotational energy, loses some of its energy due to heat, friction between gears, and wear-and-tear, Tesla do not suffer

apparatus 8. Weigh the spirit burner and record change in weight. 9. Repeat steps 1-8 with fuel 2,3,4 and the unknown respectively Introduction For this experiment, our team decided to identify the unknown alkanol through the process of heat of combustion. A beaker containing a known volume of water will be placed upon a tripod, with a spirit burner filled with 100ml of methane placed underneath. The heat released from the burning of the methane is transferred to the beaker of water. From the temperature

This practical report presents the molar enthalpy of combustion of several alcohols. Alcohols The most abundant form of organic compounds is alcohol, alcohol is formed by an OH- combining with a carbon atom. These compounds can be put into three groups, primary, secondary and tertiary the distinction for identifying which classification these compounds are, is dependent on the way the hydroxyl is covalently bonded with carbon. In primary one carbon is only bonded with another carbon, secondary has

1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Heat engine are produced from internal combustion engine which converts chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy and actually available on a rotating output shaft. Thermal energy is produced from the conversion of chemical energy of the fuel to the thermal energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air inside the engine. The temperature and pressure of the gases within the engine is raised by thermal energy and the high pressure gas then expands against

In this experiment the purpose is to capture as much energy as possible from the chip by using a calorimeter. The goal of this experiment is to modify the calorimeter and to improve the energy capture from the combustion of the chips. Kinetic, Potential, and Law of Conservation energies are all used in our everyday life. Energy is neither created nor destroyed, though it can be transformed, which is the Law of Conservation of Energy (Castro). Kinetic Energy can be calculated by E = ½mv2 (Lucas).

greatly useful and helpful objects, maybe not as much anymore, however at one point in time they were used for more important things than just to make a room smell nice. Candles do not burn all by themselves. It takes energy to kickstart the chemical combustion that makes the wax initially burn. It can be provided by many different things, such as a match, or a lighter. When a candle is ignited, the wax turns into a liquid and gets genuinely hot. It dries strikingly quick and turns back into a solid.

invention that changed the lives of all people, not just Americans, was the internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine is an engine that generates motive power by the burning of gasoline, oil, or other fuel with air inside the engine, the hot gases produced being used to drive a piston or do other work as they expand. This engine powers things such as cars and many types of aircraft. The internal combustion engine has changed the way people travel, changed the way we farm, and changed the

The combustion reaction equations for: Cellulose: C6H10O5 + x(O2+3.76N2)  y (CO2) + z (H2O) + k(N2) Solution: 25C_6 H_10 O_5 + 150O_2 + 558N_2 ==> 150CO_2 + 125H_2 O + 558N_2…[1.1] Nitrocellulose: C6H10O5(NO2)3+ x(O2+3.76N2)  y (CO2) + z (H2O) + k(N2) C_6 H_10 O_5 (NO_2 )_3+ 〖3O〗_2+ 7.52N_2  6CO_2 + 5H_2 O + 10.52N_2…[1.2] (5) Amount of less air needed to completely combust the nitrocellulose compared with the cellulose in terms of moles A stoichiometric balance of the combustion reactions

disadvantages. They are non-renewable sources because they come from pre-historic fossils and will not be available after they are fully used. If the fuels consumed in extreme amounts, it may cause serious environmental problems. The process of combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and others that may harm the environment.

1. Introduction Research surrounding the co-combustion of coal and biomass is important because it provides a more environmentally focused method of power generation that can be used throughout the world. This subject was chosen to bring light to the topic of co-combustion of coal and biomass and to examine recent work performed in this particular area. One of the best ways to curb hazardous emissions is to introduce biomass and waste as replacements for fossil fuels in the power generation process

times faster. Priestley said “But what surprised me more than I can well express was that a candle burned in this air with a remarkably vigorous flame. I was utterly at loss how to account for it.” After John Priestley found how oxygen reacted on combustion he created an experiment. In his Experiment he placed a mouse in a jar of oxygen, expecting it would die in 15 minutes but ended up living for more than an hour. Priestley noted that there was a new biological role for oxygen.

observable hydrates and to determine if dehydration is a reversible or irreversible change. The lab consisted of attaining a pea-size sample of each compound, burning it over a bunsen burner, and comparing the starting mass and the mass lost after the combustion. These results are important to be able to identify a variety of different chemicals that contain water molecules as part of their crystalline structure. Some can be removed by heating (resulting in evaporation) and some remain mostly unchanged

to air solutions and observe the combustion reaction when said solution is lit. The reaction between a dilute (0.1 mole per litre) aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethyne is also to be investigated. Procedure: All the instruments and materials used in the lab were inspected for faults and potential dangers. A camera was set up so that the reactions may be captured and replayed. For the first four ethyne gas combustion reactions, preparation was made by

that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship only if the temperature isn’t or doesn’t change Antoine Lavoisier, a French Chemist: 1743-1794, Identified the elements oxygen and hydrogen, also identified the role oxygen had in combustion. Help create the metric system John Dalton, an English Chemist: 1766-1844, Created the “Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures” (named after himself), which stated that the pressure mixture of non-reacting gases exert is equal to the sum of the partial