MicroRNA Essays

The overexpression of mir-218 miRNA can be determined by the use of many different techniques. One popular method would be quantitative real-time PCR, which starts with total RNA being extracted from a tissue sample by TRIZOL reagent REF, followed by reverse transcription with stem-loop-specific primers. The stem refers to a region complimentary to a known sequence on the 3’ end of the miRNA and the loop refers to a universal primer-binding sequence. The cDNA product then acts as a template for

It has been established that the genetic and environmental background play a major role in the development of IPF. Understanding the pathogenesis through genetic linkage analysis can provide an insight into the principal driver of lung scarring and honeycombing, both characteristics of IPF. Consistent with what Kropski et.al, (2013) put forward, there are four genes that cause familial IPF, the inherited variant of IPF, and control the pulmonary linked “surfactant protein C (encoded by SFTPC)” and

Life expectancy of men and women cannot be perfectly balanced out the unless Y-chromosomes are able to obtain microRNAs with our current technology. Even if scientists work hard as Thomas Edison, they will not be able to acquire that technology after a few decades, unfortunately. Nevertheless, men can still live long like the tortoise by becoming fit, eating healthy

is a bacterial disease that severely affects citrus production throughout the world. Xanthomonas spp. are the causal agents of the disease, which manifests as necrotic pustule-like lesions on the plant organs including leaves, fruits and stems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-established post-transcriptional gene expression regulators that modulate plant responses during many stress circumstances. Accordingly, some bacteria-responsive miRNAs have been shown to have regulatory functions in the plant-pathogen

The article I chose is “Penn: Stressed Dads Affect Offspring Brain Development through Sperm MicroRNA” by Katherine Unger Baillie. Tracy L. Bale a professor of neuroscience at Penn’s School of Veterinary Medicine and Perelman School of Medicine is leading a study on how the level of stress can affect offspring’s through sperm. Professor Bale researched on male mice, and to elevate their stress levels she exposed them to a predator’s odor such as urine from a fox and/or transferring them to different

Introduction Sexual reproduction in animals requires the generation of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells by the specialized cell division cycle of meiosis. The ploidy is halved because one round of pre-meiotic DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids segregate during the first and second rounds of meiotic nuclear divisions, respectively. Orderly segregation of homologous chromosomes requires that homologous

When I was in the fifth grade, I heard about the unfortunate disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia and the demise of the first Indian Female Astronaut Kalpana Chawla and the other crew members in it. The media coverage of that incidence had a huge impact upon me. I was inspired to read and collect newspaper cuttings of issues related to space science and technology. Around the same time, I went to a school trip to the Nehru Planetarium and was bedazzled by the view of night sky. When I was

I. A small amount of anxiety can be a good thing. A lot of anxiety is when it becomes a problem. “The dividing line is when the fear becomes so great that it causes a lot of distress and/or it makes the person not able to do certain things” says Dr. Bridget Walker. Having a constant or persistent feeling of fear and distress, is known as anxiety. In the past, people with mental disorders have been misunderstood and poorly treated. During, times in ancient Greece, many societies connected mental disorders

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” The day I realized this fact, my thirst to study and to contribute my best to the world I live had emerged in me. My schooling and college education played a pivotal role in shaping my future. My passion towards Biology was started from my school days. As a child, I was fascinated by flowers and its admirable characteristics, but it always had been a mystery for me. Actually, one fine day when I had a clear demonstration

METHOD FOR RNA EXTRACTION FROM Arabidopsis LEAVES (using TRIzol) The method of RNA extraction using TRIzol is beneficial where it is impractical to separate cytoplasmic RNA from nuclear RNA, microRNAs or endogenous RNases.TRIzol (or TRI Reagent) is a monophasic solution of phenol/ guanidinium isothiocyanate and solubilises biological material while simultaneously denaturing the protein.(Donald C. Rio et al) SAMPLE PREPARATION(Homogenisation, disruption)/RNA PRECIPITATION* The samples(watered-control

Abstract: Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Although preventative strategies, early detection, and improved treatment options have been developed since its origin, novel targets and therapeutics are still needed. Since concluding that cancer is mediated by genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cell, many research groups are now focusing on other means of prevention and therapy via nutrition, epigenetic mechanisms, and non-coding RNAs which have been

insulin sensitivity and responses to intervention. A previous study Flowers did with Kanaya looked at the effect of yoga on type 2 diabetes risk factors. For this study, they modeled trajectories for fasting blood glucose and microRNAs. Then, they evaluated whether microRNAs predicted risks for type 2

To The Genetics and Education Fellowship Selection Committee: I am writing to apply for The American Society of Human Genetics 2016 Genetics and Education Fellowship. My first real encounter with genetics was during a Summer Research Experience (REU) for Undergraduates at James Madison University in 2008 during a presentation on BRCA1 mutations in breast cancer. I learned little. In fact, many of the REU scholars left feeling overwhelmed and intimidated by both genetics and cancer research. Surprisingly

“Previous research has demonstrated that some manipulation of the balance of bacteria in the gut can impact anxiety-like behaviors, but this study is the first that links that balance to (the brain.)” ~ Abigail Miller Anxiety is a big problem Over 40 million adults in the United States of America suffer from anxiety disorder, claims a study by researchers. In the last 20 years, anxiety disorders have increased by 67 percent, and today that number represents 18 out of every 100 Americans. Only 37

ESC Biomarkers and their role in wound healing Wound healing involves a complex orchestration of processes that suppress infection and restore the dermal barrier. Healing begins immediately following the laceration to the epidermis with hemostasis, which includes initial vasoconstriction and thrombocyte clumping. Following is an influx of fibroblasts (which help clot the wound opening), and inflammatory macrophages. Next, granulation tissue creates a framework for forming permanent connective tissue

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide ( Reddy 1993; Lloyd-Jones et al. 2009). According to WHO, 23.6 million deaths each year by 2030 are caused by cardiovascular disease. In Malaysia, diseases of the circulatory system are the leading cause of death in Ministry of Health (MoH) Hospitals in 2012. 40, 000 new cases per year for 28 million people in this country while for number of CAD cases for young people which is below 45 years old is increased every year. 95 %

was to do research on a different model organism in which I could study molecular mechanisms and their function in cells and tissues. I worked in Dr. Monica Driscoll’s lab under Dr. Carolina Ibáñez’ mentorship. I studied the role of a particular microRNA in the healthspan of C. elegans muscle. I was introduced to aging biology and accomplished genetic outcrosses in C. elegans which could later be analyzed using a computer program that examines their physical capacities and lets us determine the health

Bacterial growth is the asexual reproduction, or cell division, of a bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Providing no mutational event occurs the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Hence, "local doubling" of the bacterial population occurs. Both daughter cells from the division do not necessarily survive. However, if the number surviving exceeds unity on average, the bacterial population undergoes exponential growth. Factors

Lessons learnt Allelic evolution Allelic evolution is a phenomenon geneticists are becoming ever more aware of as improved sequencing methods enable more, and more detailed, studies of various animals. Allelic series can not only come about when multiple alleles of different origin are found at one locus, but also when an allele with a variant causing a phenotype subsequently gains a second variant at the same locus that modifies the original phenotype. This process of allelic modification can then

Satellite Cell, Muscle Hypertrophy and Exercise Serife Vatansever1 Burcin Olcucu2 1Abant Izzet Baysal University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Trainer Education, Bolu, Turkey. 2Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Tokat, Turkey. Abstract Optimal repair and adaptation of skeletal muscle is facilitated by resident satellite cells (satellite cells). Satellite cells are not only responsible for muscle repair