Microsatellite Essays

Importance of microsatallites for identity testing and disease diagnosis : Microsatallites : - Microsatellites are di, tri, or tetra nucleotide tandem repeats in DNA sequences. The number of repeats is variable in populations of DNA and within the alleles of an individual. Importance microsatallites for identity testing : - Microsatellites can be used as markers in genetic studies of linkage in families and linkage disequilibrium studies of populations. In linkage studies one can examine large number

t - Biological conservation essay - Ursidae Currently there are 8 species of bear, six of these eight species are, at the moment, listed as vulnerable with the Giant Panda only very recently being removed from the endangered animals list. Bears can be found in various places all over the world, some being found in specific countries or areas while others are more widespread. This range in homes means different habitats and behaviours but also different threats to their populations, though they

What is microsatellite? A microsatellite is a short, repetitive sequence of DNA. Since they tend to vary little between closely related organisms, microsatellites are often used by scientists as genetic markers to identify individuals that come from the same breeding population. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). If one thinks of a molecule of DNA as resembling a ladder, then each rung in the ladder is made up of a pair of smaller molecules called

finding the underlying issues with cancer and stop it from being one of the leading causes of death. Genomic instability includes variations in small structures. These variations can include increased frequencies in mutations of base pairs, microsatellite instability, and changes in chromosome number or structure which are referred to as chromosome instability. The origins of these instabilities still remain a mystery but there are many educated hypotheses that try to explain why they all contribute

electrophoresis. A short tandem repeat (STR) in DNA is a quantity of polymorphisms that occurs when a pattern of two or more nucleotides is repeated and the recurrent sequences are directly adjacent to each other. Short tandem repeats are also called microsatellites. STR’s are considered to be small genetic markers found in genomic DNA that consists of two to six base pair sequence that is repeated one after the other five to 100 times. STR’s are used to determine paternity by matching STR with offspring

Myrtle rust is an exotic rust fungus originating from South American region, detected for the first time in Australia (New south wales) on 22nd April 2010, the fungus was found growing on syncarpia glomulifera, callistemon viminalis and agonis fluxuosa plants. The infected plants can be easily identified from powdery bright orange-yellow or yellow spores on fruits, buds, leaves and shoots. As the rust fungus is considered to be a biosecurity threat, a state emergency response program was initiated

Polymorphic Markers in Sailfin Molly at the STR5 Loci Introduction The purpose of this laboratory report is the explain and analyze the process used to determine the heterozygosity and the allele frequency of the SFMSTR5 loci in Sailfin molly, or Poecilia latipinna. Sailfin molly are a species of fish that inhabit fresh and saltwater bodies of water from South Carolina to Texas. The Sailfin molly examined in this experiment were collected from two different locations in Florida. The fish collected

the scores are based upon breeder input(Hart pg. 67). Biologically dog breeds are groups of individuals in the subspecies Canine familaris that strongly resemble each other based upon many characteristics identified as different from the others. Microsatellite DNA across the dog genome was used to genotype 85 breeds into four clusters – Asian/African breeds, Mastiff-type dogs, Herding dogs and Sighthounds, and modern Hunting dogs – with some breeds being assigned to more than one cluster(Mehrkam et

INTRODUCTION Epigenetics is the study of the ways in which changes alter cell and tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. C.H. Waddington coined the term epigenetics in the 1940s to describe how environmental influences on developmental events can affect the phenotype of the adult. He showed that environmental alterations during development induced alternative phenotypes in organisms with identical genotypes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression uses reversible modifications of DNA and chromatin

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects millions of people all over the world. This illness has a gene that is related to it and could be the key to identifying the origin of schizophrenia. Neuregulin 1, often referred to NRG-1, has been linked in several different studies and reports as a gene that is susceptible to schizophrenia. There is an array of studies that have been conducted to drive us to the conclusion that NRG1 is the gene to focus on when looking for the trigger of schizophrenia

for the hypothesis that rare mutations will occur early after the human blastocyst has split into two. (Weber-Lehmann, et al, 2014) Paternal testing usually looks for short tandem repeat markers, but monozygotic identical twins have the same microsatellite profiles. About 80% of one twin usually carries

post-divergence gene flow (Freedman 2014). Golden jackals may have less genetic variability in comparison to other canids; the analysis of the Austrian vagrant jackal indicates that it was genetically no different from ones in Serbian in both its mtDNA and microsatellites (Zachos 2009). This is significant because it contradicts previous assumptions that the golden jackals found in Italy, Slovenia, and Austria came from northwestern Croatia. Therefore, it is likely that immigration occurred from Serbia or Hungary

Genetics, the backgrounds of genetics were developed from theories of evolution, the study of how genes influence our bodies, inside and out from health behavior and physical appearance. Helping scientist understand men and women, like, the differences in aggression, the social learning theory of gender role development, a difference between gender role and gender identity, and biological differences associated with sexual preference. The history of genes is fascinating, starting in 1859; Charles

Well-documented records of introduction for non-native species provide a remarkable opportunity to understand how populations evolve in a new environment. Commonly, species introduced into a new environment came from a few individuals, which is translated mostly in a low genetic diversity due to that they have just part of the genetic diversity of the original population (Frankham 2005; Roman and Darling 2007). Additionally, the process of random genetic drift as it is predicted by the genetic theory

You could say the path that led to the discovery of genetic fingerprinting began for Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys when his father gave him a chemistry set and a microscope at the age of eight. Twenty-five years ago, the idea that scientists would be able to identify an individual from the smallest trace of their sweat or blood would have seemed laughable. However, thanks to Alec Jeffreys who in 1984 discovered the technique of genetic fingerprinting, determining who someone is by their DNA is was

What is Mastitis? Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue. It occurs as a response to an invasion of bacteria in the teat canal, from a variety of bacteria sources from the cows surroundings and is a major problem to dairy cattle. Mastitis can also occur from mechanical, chemical or thermal injury to the cow’s udder. The bacterial toxins can damage milk secreting tissue and other such ducts and sometimes-permanent damage can occur. Mastitis can be caused by a number of different

A Form of Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Mutations in DYRK1B Jeffrey Ma Introduction Metabolic Syndrome Leading cause of death worldwide Symptoms increase risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes Inheritable risk factors that is known as metabolic syndrome early-onset coronary artery disease central obesity hypertension diabetes http://www.tolwellness.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/metabolic_syndrome.jpg Single gene mutations produce these risk factors of this syndrome (Mani, Rhadakrishnan

Introduction Forensic Odontology (Dentistry) is a new and growing branch of Forensic Medicine. The journey started from the mother of Roman Emperor Nero, in 49 AD who was identified and discovered by her discoloured front teeth, following her assassination. [1] Forensic Odontology or Forensic Dentistry was defined by Keiser-Nielson in 1970 as “that branch of forensic science which in interest of justice deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence and with proper evaluation and

Introduction to Bioinformatics Fig.1:-Branches of Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is a type of interdisciplinary field which has all developed method and software tools for all the biological data and to understand it. Bioinformatics is a combination of many fields of subjects to study and for the processing of the biological data. Bioinformatics are used repeatedly in the fields of genetics and genomics. Commonly it is used for the identification of genes and nucleotides of a particular person.