Prefrontal cortex Essays

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to be the most heavily implicated area of the brain in research into antisocial behaviour and its potential causes. This region of the frontal lobe which is involved in regulating executive functions such as decision-making, response inhibition and social behaviour has been demonstrated to be the central brain structure impaired in antisocial individuals. Evidence shows how dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex impairs judgement and consequently leads to inappropriate

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the region of the frontal lobe rostral to the primary motor cortex; this region of the brain is less involved with the control of movement and more involved in formulating plans and strategies. Therefore, If the prefrontal cortex helps to mediate the role of emotions in moral judgements, then damage to this area should impair such judgements (Carlson, N.R., 2010) and result in behaviour considered to be ‘antisocial’. In this essay, I will be interpreting antisocial

Does rTMS Normalizes Hypoactivity in Prefrontal Cortex? An fNIRS-based Randomized Sham – controlled Trial of rTMS Stimulation on the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for the Treatment of Panic Disorder Although panic disorder has been the most investigated anxiety disorder during the past 25 years (Roy-Byrne et al., 2006) treatment resistance issue in panic disorder still remains unsettled. . Cowley and Roy-Byrne (1997) who were investigating treatment failure in pharmacotherapy suggest that

Does dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex lead to antisocial behaviour? 990 The development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to the human capacity to modulate emotions. This ability is significant as disruption due to brain dysfunction can have harmful effects on an individual’s capability to function adaptively in society. However, the idea that the PFC has a significant role in the regulation of aggression and violence has been challenged by studies that highlight the complexity of the

High delayers have ways to distract themselves: for example, facing the opposite direction of the marshmallow or picturing the marshmallow as a picture. In the brain, high delayers showed more activity than low delayers in a region of the prefrontal cortex associated with impulse and behavior control. Meanwhile, low delayers showed more activation of a deeper region of the brain associated with pleasure, desire and

This could result in loss or partial loss of function in that specific region. Damage in the left dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) will not allow us to achieve our goals in an organized, logical and coherent manner. We would also have no positive behavior to get motivated and work on ourselves. The left PFC deals with language abilities and is sort of the cognitive

According to neuropsychologist Lexi Tucker, the prefrontal cortex controls decision-making, predicting consequences, and the ability to plan but it is not fully developed till the age of 25. This is the exact problem in Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet in which the star-crossed lovers repeatedly make poor decisions, and they act more like impulse wild children multiple times. The main problem is that Romeo and Juliet's underdeveloped pre-frontal cortex is the cause of impulsivity and poor decision-making

Many psychologists, professors and other researchers have studied the mechanism and explanation of having a left-handed trait among a few individuals. The brain hemisphere division of labor is the most accepted theory about the left-handedness of a person. (Broca, 1960) proposed that the handedness of a person can be associated by the brain hemisphere division of labor. The brain is divided into two hemispheres which are the right and left hemisphere. Each of the hemispheres has their different functions

What are drugs? A drug is any substance that changes the way a person thinks, feels, sees or behaves (Briggs 2005). Any sort of substances are said to be mental active because it work on the mind. Drug is often call “illegal street” drugs there are many different kinds of drugs. For example, perkaset, values, hydrocodein prescription pain medications to the street drugs are like cocaine it’s a daily use, it is known as of drugs. Examples such as alcohol, caffeine and nicotine, from cough medicine

George R.R. Martin once said, “There is a savage beast in every man, and when you hand that man a sword or spear and send him forth to war, the beast stirs.” In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding the children have a savage beast hidden within them. Human savagery is influenced by power, status, and even possession of tools. Ralph and Jack, leaders of the group, allow for the beast to awaken in them as they struggle to survive on the island. Jack is the first character who is corrupted by his

Education provide a levelling platform for individuals with the necessary knowledge, valuable skills and certain competencies needed to participate effectively in their society and also in the economy. The current Minister of Education, Heng Swee Keat, has recently spoken about having Singapore education as a “key enabler of social mobility” with “equal opportunity” for students. In my opinion, one of the most pressing issue which would most likely hinder the development of certain groups of individuals

exposed to nicotine via maternal infusions throughout gestation show persistent postnatal elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity (associated with cell damage and even cell death) (5). The DNA content within the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex can be reduced due to gestational nicotine exposure, decreasing the total number of brain cells (5). Furthermore, serotonin and glutamate can be impacted by prenatal nicotine exposure, especially the reduction of serotonin turnover in the midbrain

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibits a key role in the working memory and has an established link to the executive functions of cognition and behaviour. Impulsive behaviour is displayed in patients that suffer lesions to the PFC, as one of the important functions is that of inhibition. Therefore there is evidence to suggest that dysfunction to the PFC leads to anti-social behaviour, which is characterised by actions which cause harm to others or disturb the environment. As the PFC is crucial for

stimulation of neural tissue, including cerebral cortex, spinal roots, and cranial and peripheral nerves. TMS can be applied as single pulses of stimulation, pairs of stimuli separated by variable intervals to the same or different brain areas, or as trains of repetitive stimuli at various frequencies. Single stimuli can depolarise neurons and evoke measurable effects. Trains of stimuli (repetitive TMS) can modify excitability of the cerebral cortex at the stimulated site and also at remote areas

the individuals we usually call “crazy,” or “psychotic.” Through extensive research doctors have identified the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala as the two brain regions the most responsible for controlling and causing catastrophic violence. It is important to understand how the human brain works along with mental health issues to create violent individuals. The prefrontal cortex is located in the frontal

Cerebral cortex is divided into four important lobes which is the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe and parietal lobe. These are the first areas of the cerebral cortex to receive signals from each of the senses. The first lobe is frontal lobe which is located at the front of the brain. This lobe works in reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition and expressive language. The motor cortex is located at the back side of the frontal lobe. The motor cortex is important in receiving

The amygdala, the seat of emotion and motivation, is a fascinating telencephalic component of our limbic system located in the anterior temporal lobe. Scientific advancements in the field of neuroscience have revealed that this almond shaped wonder is a versatile emotional genius contributing to various facets of cognition. The term amygdala, first mentioned by the German physician and anatomist Karl Friedrich Burdach (1819), is composed of lateral, basal and accessory basal nuclei, collectively

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the frontal lobes of the brain and is “the central executive for emotion and social control” (Sieb, 2013, p. 122). Damage to this area can lead to impulsivity, aggression, and antisocial behavior. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a region of the brain responsible for decision making, empathy, impulse control, and emotion regulation, thus making it a key area for regulating violent behavior (Kumari, et al., 2014). “The ACC (area 25) is the frontal

“Who is in Control?” 1. What is the main idea? The episode “Who is in Control?” addresses the idea that our brain secretly controls what we do without our awareness. When we wake up, we may have many things going through our brain and think that we are aware and in control of many things but in reality our brain controls countless other things that we are unaware of. If a task is performed long enough then neuronal circuits are hardwired in the brain that allow us to perform tasks even while unconscious

Leslie Posterior Parietal Cortex "The posterior lobe forms about 20% of the human cerebral cortex and is divided into two major regions, the somatosenory cortex, and the posterior parietal cortex. The posterior parietal cortex which is located at the junction of multiple sensor regions, projects to several cortical and subcortical areas and is engaged in a host of cognitive operations" (Behrmann, Geng, Shomstein) The posterior parietal cortex has most commonly been associated with visuo-spatial