Silica gel Essays

Silica gel [James .C. Bolyan, 1994] Silica gel is a granular, vitreous, and porous form of the silicon dioxide which is synthetically obtained from the sodium silicate. Silica gel contains a non porous silica micro structure suspension inside a liquid. Most application gel should be dried. Fig: 30. Silica gel Structure Density : 700 kg/m3 Boiling point: 2.2300C Molar mass: 60.08 g/mol

Experiment 4: Thin Layer and Column Chromatography. Name: Matthew Scully ID Number: 16188357 Date of the Experiment: 23rd of February 2018 Introducton: Chromatography is used to separate a mixture into its different components and although there are different types of chromatography (e.g paper, TLC, column, size-exchange, etc.) they all rely on a mobile phase (which may be a gas or liquid) and a stationary

Lab 8: Chromatographic Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Written by Gurleen Bhangoo Robinjot Kaur CHEM 3301-02 Professor Jeffery Crisman 21 March 2023 Abstract: Chromatography is an analytical method that is used to separate a mixture of chemical compounds into their individual components, allowing the individual components to be thoroughly analyzed. In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is performed to identify an unknown drug, and then column chromatography is used to separate out the

The chromatography term is derived from a Greek word Chromo for color and Graphe for writing. Chromatography is a separation technique based on the partitioning behavior. The concept of chromatography was introduced by a Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett in 1906. In this technique solute of interest is partitioned between two phases i.e. a mobile phase and a stationary phase depending on the partitioning value. The mobile phase includes the solvent and the stationary phase includes the column in

In order to properly separate the molecules from the spinach extract, throughout the column chromatography, we were required to pay close attention to how the bands were flowing through the column. This entailed monitoring the level of the solvent being used to elute the extract and what type of solvent was being used. Beginning the chromatography, we used hexanes because they were the least polar which extracted the least polar molecule from the extract (carotenes). The carotenes did not want to

The Citric Acid Cycle/ Kerbs Cycle/ TCA The Citric acid cycle is important as anaerobic glycolysis can only harvest a fraction of the energy from glucose. In the citric acid cycle there is aerobic respiration of pyruvate from step ten in glycolysis to C02 and H2O. This oxidation of pyruvate can greater a higher yield of ATP. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria where ten ATP is produced. The main purpose of the citric acid cycle is to harvest electrons from the citric acid cycle and

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also known as SDS-PAGE is one of the methods for determining the molecular weight of unknown proteins. SDS is an anionic molecule which denaturizes proteins and brings it back to its’ primary structure and it also provides a negative charge to the uncharged molecule. The SDS-PAGE enables the separation of proteins based on their sizes. The larger the size of the protein, the harder it is to travel through the gel thus heavier proteins stay near

Quantification and trypsin digestion of polypeptides Protein concentration was estimated by Bradford assay, and 100µg of total protein from each sample was subjected to in-solution trypsin digestion to generate peptides. Initially, treating the sample with 5µl of 100mM dithiothreitol in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate for 30 min at 60ºC and alkylation with 200mM iodoacetamide in 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate at room temperature for 30 minutes reduced the protein disulphide bonds. Proteins were then digested

These gels were both clear enough to distinguish different bands of proteins with good precision. The proteins identified are educated guesses and further experiments would be needed to prove that these are the correct membrane proteins. Discussion Both gels have resolved many clear bands that have been labeled with proteins that have approximately the same molecular weight. The 15% gels marker ladder was aligned using the strong globin results of the cytosol and lysis at 15kD. The 7.5% was aligned

mixed in three different concentrations, including 100 mM, 10 mM, and 0.1 mM. Then DNA in each salt concentration was incubated at different temperatures: 25˚C, 42˚C, 65˚C, and 95˚C, for fifteen minutes. The products were then loaded onto an agarose gel and allowed to run in

Where, s represents the value of( G+C * 3%). Ideally, the ENC should be in the range 20–61, so that when each of the amino acids is encoded by only one codon, ENC is 20 and when all the synonyms of codons have equal chances, ENC is 61. The more significant the codon usage bias, the lower the ENC value. The General Average hydrophobicity score (GRAVY) is the hypothetical translation of a gene product. GRAVY is the arithmetic mean of the hydropathic indices of each amino acid [40]. GRAVY has been used

Dangerous hair products In recent years, many people are choosing natural products for hair and skin care. The main reason for that is the fact these products are full of chemicals and harmful toxins that may have a negative impact on the health. Many researches and studies have shown that nutrition is very important, but it is not the only way how the toxins and chemicals can get into the bodies. Another option that is often completely disregarded, is by regularly using and applying certain products

Agarose gel electrophoresis is an easy and common technique of separating and analyzing DNA. The main objective of this lab is to find the sire of the offspring using gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is used in laboratories to isolate charged molecules like DNA, RNA, and particular proteins according to their specific size. The charged molecules travel through the gel when an electric current is spread across it. The electric current is applied across the gel so that the ends of the gel have

Introduction Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. DNA can be separated according to their size. First, in a technique called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), large amounts of DNA are replicated from a trace amount. The trace amount can come from a hair, a drop of blood, or a cheek cell. After DNA is generated, it is placed in chambers in the electrophoresis gel. A direct current is passed through the gel, and it passes through electrodes

separate charged biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins through differences in the their characteristic such as shape, size, and charge. P. 2 #1: On what basis does agarose gel electrophoresis separate molecules? [1] Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on their size, shape, and charge. Within the gel exist pores which the molecules must move through in order to reach the positively or negatively charged electrode. Molecules that are large in size will move at a slower rate than

Before Gel Electrophoresis, separation of small molecules was impossible. Today Gel Electrophoresis is the primary method of separating molecules. The ability to separate has greatly improved forensics. paternity/maternity tests, and many other useful tests. Prosecutors being able to prove that a crime was committed because of DNA instead of testimony has improved the criminal justice system greatly. Oliver Smithies developed Gel Electrophoresis in 1950. To separate molecules an electric current

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) via an electric field. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a variation of gel electrophoresis that is used to separate proteins by size alone. SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is a detergent with a negative charge. When a protein is heated with SDS, it is denatured and only retains its primary structure. Also, because of its net negative charge, when SDS binds to a protein

given sample. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate the proteins which can be observed as thick and thin bands on the electrophoresis gel. In this experiment we use SDS-free polyacrylamide gel. Sample proteins used in this case are bovine serum, human serum, goat serum, chicken serum and horse serum. Since the SDS is negatively charged, sample proteins move to the positively charged anode through the gel. Small proteins migrate faster since it is light and is seen further below the gel than the larger

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A0123942_Gel Electrophoresis Report Name: Lee Zixuan Process of Gel Electophoresis: Gel electrophoresis in this case involves the placement of both genomic and plasmid DNA inside the wells of the agarose gel, together with a gel loading buffer. The agarose gel contains mini pores such that when an electric current is switched on, it would be able to separate the bigger segments of DNA bands from the smaller ones. As DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate group, it would move towards