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9/11: Vulnerabilities In The US Emergency Management System

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The terrorist attacks on September 11 2001 were a sad day for our nation, yet it showed the vulnerabilities in the Americans emergency management system. President Jimmy Carter made a good effort with the creation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), but as 9/11 proved FEMA was not equipped to management terrorist threats. The nation needed something fay beyond what FEMA could offer, which lead to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security.

Historically, major disasters have always prompt change in the American culture take for example the attack on Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor enhanced Americans drive towards technology and Science. But September 11 reinforced the need for a unified response an organized agency to prepare the public for future terrorist attacks and natural disasters. The Department of Homeland Security focus on gathering information and breaking it down to prevent future terrorist attack , terrorism now became the agency top priority and hazard disaster management was left as a low priority. The new direct of the DHS change the field of emergency management. As a result, more schools started offering emergency management …show more content…

Hurricane Katrina shift the position of the Department of Homeland Security from making natural disasters an equally as important as terrorism. This even showed that disaster planning requires a great deal of collaboration. The Department of Homeland Security who swallowed up FEMA where not quick to react to Hurricane Katrina because all their focus was spend on planning for a prevent terrorist attacks. The failure of the disaster response system resulted in over 1,200 lives lost in Louisiana and Mississippi. FEMA failed to work closely with its State and local counterparts and communications between these partners and the public were strained at best. Now the focus on natural disaster is just as important as terrorist

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First Responders James Cross Intro to Homeland Defense Professor Kirchgraber August 30, 2015 Abstract 9/11 is a day that many will never forget. Terrorist high jacked four planes and flew them into predetermined locations. 3000 people died in The World Trade Center alone. Several of these were first responders.

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Even though the emergency responders for the world trade center on 9/11 were able to save a lot of lives they still had some flaws in their plan which if avoided could have reduced the number of responders life lost. The biggest flaw that caused a lot of deaths was the lack of inter-department communication and collaboration. The two largest emergency department’s that responded to the tragic event were the police department and the fire department and lack of team work led to certain causalities. For example, according to The New York Times, twenty-one minutes before the building fell, warnings were captured on police radio tapes which was then relayed to police officers and lead to escape of most of them.

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As you can see, both 911 and the Pearl Harbor attacks were both tragic events that has a huge impact to america with both similarities and differences. Both events were “sneak events,” no one knew they were going to happen. Both events happened because of foreign attackers. Both events were attacked by planes. The 911 attack was more of a symbolic attack, the world trade center represented the U.S. free market economy.

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This paper will discuss about the comparison between pearl harbor and 911. It will analyze, evaluate, and describe the responses the presidents had about these events. It will also investigate the roles that class, culture and religion played in these attacks that happened in the United States. After the 9/11 attacks a lot of newspapers from Boston to Bakersfield reached into the distance past to find the correct title so there headline was “A New Day of Infamy” The same verse that President Franklin Roosevelt used to describe the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

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911 dramatically impacted societies broadly and law enforcement pointedly. According to the National Commission on Terrorists upon the United States (2004), it was clear after the September 11 terrorist attacks that intelligence sharing among all levels of law enforcement and the intelligence community was bankrupt (Carter & Carter, 2009). After the fact, there was a considerable investment of resources in many different government sectors for preparedness, response, and recovery from terrorist attacks. Shortly after the attack, President Bush signs the USA Patriot Act on October 2, 2001.

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On September 11, 2001 changed America forever. Two planes crashed into the Twin Towers killing thousands of people. George W Bush initial reaction as Commander in Chief of the 9/11 attack was a concern and strictly business with persona. After the emergency meeting with the President Cabinet his next move was to gain support from our allies. After pinpointing our enemy 's and their location.

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After September eleventh in the year 2001,with the Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York-America 's economy has been hurt so deeply that it 's stableness has never been able to be regained. A study by The WorkingPaper 'evaluates the macroeconomic impacts of the 9/11 attack on U.S. real GDP growth and the unemployment rate by examining how forecasts of these variables were revised after the attack occurred2. " The economy was impacted greatly. So much that the house market crashed and an economic recession came to be known by the American people. It is stated but some citizens that the attack led to a 'wake up ' call for the people towards the American economy so much so that

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The events that occurred during 9/11 have shaped American society in monumental ways. When the planes crashed into the world trade center, the pentagon, and the remote field, it finally forced America to open their eyes. They were forced to realize the importance of the inhabitants and the Dharma (role) that we all play in this world. As said in an article, history is never concrete. From what we can tell, history always reflects the current events.

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During these attacks, two jet airliners were flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center that contained offices that were occupied by U.S. government agencies and many businesses and organizations involved in finance and international trade, and one was flown into the Pentagon Building which is the nation's military headquarters located near Washington D.C. These assets were more than likely targeted because they provide unique services, perform sensitive functions, contain irreplaceable artifacts, and have significant symbolic value. The threat assessment process and analysis has shown that threats to any of our government facilities sectors usually involves natural and manmade events when the outcome of devastation is so severe. To minimize any further attacks on government facilities on that day, buildings such as the White House and offices of the federal government were evacuated, airplanes were grounded, U.S. stock exchanges stopped trading, and many businesses and public landmarks closed early and sent employees home (New World Encyclopedia, 2017). Even though the attacks on the World Trade Center was well documented and publicized, the FBI confiscated all footage from nearby businesses that may have had video recordings capturing the attacks on the Pentagon.

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“9/11 changed America fundamentally, far more so than outsiders realized at the time. For Americans it genuinely was a new Pearl Harbour, an attack on the homeland that made them feel vulnerable for the first time in 60 years,” (Powell, 2003). The terrorist attacks of 9/11 affect America today because they instigated the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the “War on Terror,” and led to an increase in anti-Muslim hate crimes. “Often referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush,” (9/11, 2010). The most noticeable of these effects was the creation of the Department of Homeland Security.

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These terrorist attacks would cause a major shift in the way immigration was handled by the United States. The Homeland Security Act was passed by President Bush in 2002, which was solely created to keep the U.S. safe from future terrorist attacks. This department oversees numerous agencies, especially including the agencies that involve immigration. Immigration enforcement has increased due to the increasing rate of deportation. “Immigrant removals — including deportations and so-called voluntary departures — went from roughly 200,000 people in 2001 to nearly double that in 2011.”

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Part of this is because the terrorist attack was isolated, it didn’t span multiple political jurisdictions as Hurricane Katrina did. Furthermore, the terrorist attack was an immediate and tangible threat. With Hurricane Katrina maintaining situational awareness was not effective and there was no common operating picture for the local, state and federal responses. The biggest difference of course would be the physical footprint of each incident. Hurricane Katrina spanned multiple political subdivisions, impacted multiple areas having jurisdiction and made resource availability more limited than that of the San Bernadino incident.

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Our country was hit with enormous deviation. The act of 9/11 have changed the way how American live today and forever. Four commercial airplanes were stolen by terrorists.

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Overtime, the United States has had many unexpected situations, causing panic, chaos and unawareness of what actions to take. A well known example of this are the September 11 attacks in New York in 2001. There are several sources, including Jim Dwyer, Kevin Flynn, Joel Roberts and Kate Ascher that provide evidence in relation to having effective communication in a crisis. Although many other thoughts and theories on what serves the best purpose in a crisis, such as quantity of communication, have emerged, good communication is always crucial during an issue.

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