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Acetanilide Is The Resultant For The Synthesis Of Aniline

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Introduction Acetanilide is a white, crystal-like compound which is the resultant of the synthesis of aniline and acetic anhydride. In 1886, acetanilide was implemented into medicinal practice by P. Hepp and A. Cahn and was the first derivative of aniline that was found to be a pain-reliever. The compound has also been utilized in the manufacturing of other drugs such as penicillin and sulfonamide drugs. Acetanilide can be used as an inhibitor for the decomposition in H2O2 solutions and in the production of dyes. The purpose of this experiment is to organically synthesize acetanilide, as well as acetic acid, through the combination of acetic anhydride and aniline. Purification techniques such as the usage of charcoal, are used to remove colour …show more content…

In this reaction, aniline comes together with acetic anhydride to form acetanilide, with the side product acetic acid. Successful synthesis requires a short and efficient procedure. This eliminates some source of error as well as produces a higher amount of desired product. Loss in percent yield is increased with each additional step in the process. The preparation of acetanilide has a fairly concise procedure which ensures a higher probability of having a more successful percent yield. Procedure The First Year Chemistry 121/123 Lab Manual provided a procedure which was followed with the following modifications. Under a fume-hood, 2.05mL of aniline was weighed out using a top-loading balance in a pre-weighed 250mL Erlenmeyer flask with stopper. 15mL of water and 2.5 mL of acetic anhydride was then added to the flask with periodic swirling. Solution was mixed for five minutes total. To begin the recrystallization process, the stopper was removed and 50mL of water was added to the same flask. Once back at benchtop, a single boiling stone was placed into the Erlenmeyer flask, and solution was then heated and swirled. Once the crystals were dissolved, the solution was taken off the

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One of the most important aspects of this experiment is to add the reagents in the specific order. First, the acetone and base solution is added and allowed time to react. This time lapse allows for the formation of carbanions. If all of the reagents were added at the same time, some carbanions would form, and some Cannizzaro products would form as well. Since benzaldehyde was not added until after the carbanion formation, the Cannizzaro reaction should not have happened.

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Purpose: The main goal of this lab experiment is to synthesize acetylsalicylic acid through using different processes such as crystallization and filtration. Additionally, determining the purity of the synthesize product alongside with a commercial ASA provided in the lab, through using one of the melting point apparatus or conducting a USP test are also the objectives of this experiment. Results Discussion: As discussed in the lab manual, there are certain instructions which apply to proper measurement to provide accurate values throughout the experiments. For example, the transferring of 10 ml of ASA solution to a vial tube by volumetric pipette was necessary to acquire consistent results for our salicylic acid content.

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Flask is removed from condenser and attached to a still head while condenser is set up for simple distillation. Mixture was heated to 115°C to distill organic layer into Erlenmeyer flask. Distillate was then poured into separatory funnel with 10mL of water. Funnel was shaken, vented every few shakes, and allowed to set for two minutes. Bottom layer is 1-bromobutane which is drained into clean Erlenmeyer flask.

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The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.

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To analyze the acetanilide product of the reaction, 1H NMR and IR were used. Results, Discussions, and Conclusions In this experiment, acetanilide was synthesized via nucleophilic acyl substitution from both acetic anhydride and aniline. During this reaction, aniline acts as the nucleophile and acyl (CH3CO-) group from acetic anhydride acts as the electrophile.

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