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The problem of punishment
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More handpicked essays just for you.
The problem of punishment
Arguments of punishment in society
The problem of punishment
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Recommended: The problem of punishment
In A Few Good Men, director Rob Reiner portrays the court case of two Marines named Dawson and Downey, on trial for the murder of another Marine, William Santiago. Santiago was killed due to a code red ordered by Kendrick and Jessep. Dawson and Downey felt that they are innocent because they were just following orders. The same situation arises in “The Perils of Obedience,” by Stanley Milgram. Milgram believes that everyone is inclined to be obedient but not hold responsibility, and proves this by including an experiment where while administering shocks to learners, teachers would only continue when being told to do so and when they were told that they are not responsible for what happens to the learner.
The Milgram experiment was an experiment that tested an individual's willingness to follow the instructions of an authority figure. Subjects were told to shock a person, who they believed to also be a subject, if they answered a question wrong. The people getting shocked were actors and were not actually receiving electrical shocks. Many of the subjects continued to give high voltage shocks because they were told to. This proves that in high-stress situations people are willingly listen to authority figures despite what the say to do.
During the 1960’s Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments to test how a person reacts to authority. He started these tests in response to World War Two and the reports of the German soldiers who claimed they were “just following orders’ when asked about
Milgram’s experiment displays how much was situated in a time and how his life affected his choices, and his experiments have gained notoriety. The discursive approach to attitudes builds on a criticism of key assumptions and methods of the cognitive social approach and highlights the limitations of the experimental method for developing a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon such as obedience. Through Gibson’s rhetorical analysis he highlighted the importance of the interaction between participant and experimenter which suggests that the standard view on experiments could do with revising. The experimental setting although it is great in most cases it can create a hostile environment with individuals acting out of character and therefore not creating the best results. Gibson has highlighted that the nervous anxious participants that were portrayed in the original papers were in fact passive and argumentative and that’s just by looking at it differently and examining different things such as the language people use to be persuasive.
21. Stanley Milgram: He focused on obedience to authority. He had his participants in his experiments shock each other to see how the authority of the experimenter would affect the obedience of the participants (viewed as unethical). 22.
The Milgram experiment and the society Speaking of one of the most renowned psychological experiment, which even replications on TV are done, is the Milgram experiment, on obedience to authority figures. It involves the measurement of how much participants will to obey the authority, in order to explain the reason why soldiers obeyed to allow the Holocaust, the homicides of millions of Jews, happened. With the participants’ roles as a teacher to punish a learner by incrementing degrees of electric shocks, though they didn’t know it’s staged, 65% of them did it to the last under the horrendous moans and the commands of the experimenters, which surpassed the expectation of 1.2%. Milgram himself elaborated two theories, encompassing theory of
The concept of the article by Burger spoke about Milgram’s obedience study and investigates why people are still capable of obeying to authority even today. In today’s time Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies are one of the most highly recognized psychological researches known. The obedience test consisted of participants and a confederate. In the test an administrator told participants that if the other participant in the next room got a question wrong they had to administer a shock and as the test continued the shock valued increase also. At a certain point some of the participants felt uneasy to continue but were told they had to in order to complete the test.
Obedience to authority For instance, Milgram’s Obedience to Authority, experiment provided critical information on human interaction based on blind obedience that is given to authority figures. As a result, the forty-five-year-old study was re vamped to demonstrate the statistics still rang true in modern day science. For example, social psychologist Jerry Burger provided compelling evidence on how similar both sets of data compared when compelled by an authority figure over seventy percent of test subjects performed the task of shocking another individual just because the teacher told them to perform the task. According to Burger, "People learning about Milgram's work often wonder whether results would be any different today," Burger says.
Learning Journal Unit 3 1. What is the title of the text and what is the text about? The study by Milgram (1963), ‘Behavioral Study of Obedience’, describes how subjects to an experiment respond to orders by authority. The 40 volunteers are tricked into, what they think will be, a memory observation study.
This part was fixed so that the learner would be an actor who would be in on the experiment and the teacher would be the participant. The learner would be taken into a separate room and had electrodes attached to himself, the teacher would then go into the next room that would contain the shock generator. The generator had a row of switches marked from 15 volts to 450 volts. The learner would have a list of word pairs he had to learn and the participant (teacher) would test him and if the learner gave a wrong answer then the teacher was told to administer an electric shock and to increase the voltage each
(Russell 2014) Conclusion: Despite controversy Milgram’s experiment was ground breaking. It remains relevant today and is frequently cited in demonstrating the perils of obedience.
The teacher was shown the shock panel which had 30 lever switches, that ‘administered’ the shock to the learner in the next room. The shocks started at 15 volts and increased in 15 volt increments, all the way to 450 volts, with the labels ranging from slight shock to very strong shock to danger: intensity shock to the last two shocks labelled simply as XXX. The teacher was told that he were to administer shocks to leaner if he got the answer wrong, every time after the learner got shocked, it then went up in intervals of 15 volts. During the experiment if the teacher became hesitant, the experimenter would then encourage him to keep going using the following commands, “Please continue”, “The experiment requires that you continue”, “It is absolutely essential that you continue”, and “You have no other choice, you must go
The "teachers" continued, at the 180 volts mark the "learner" cried out that he cannot take it any longer. Once reaching 300 volts, the fifty-year-old "learner" yelled about his heart condition and begged to be released. At these points, a decent amount of "teachers" halted the experiment while a large percent continued until the final 450 volt question even though the "learner" had stopped responding. At the 150 volt mark those who were going to stop, did so. If I were in this position I would stop at the first sign of discomfort from the "learner."
When the teacher protested administer a shock, the experimenter was to give a series of orders/prods to ensure they continued. Two-thirds of the participants continued to the highest level of 450 volts. Stanley Milgram tested his experiment with 18 variations of his
The learner was strapped to a chair with electrodes. After he has to learn pairs which was given for him to study, the teacher tests him to learn and tests him by naming a word and asking the learner to remember its partner from a list of the