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Andrew Jackson Indian Removal Act Essay

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could try to push his agenda to get the Native American out of the East but there was some opposition. The first one was a report from the Committee of Indian Affairs that stated, “They [Cherokees] have called upon the Executive [Andrew Jackson] to make good this guarantee, by preventing this operation in Georgia and Alabama.” What the Cherokee wanted was President Andrew Jackson to honor past treaties in order for them to stay in those respective states. After many debates and arguments in the House of Representatives, the House, passed the act. The Senate passed it and after many debates the House passed the Indian Removal Act With the most controversial law being passed in Congress and the president signing it , there will was a period …show more content…

The only course they had was to take the United States to court and Andrew Jackson. Presidents of the United States negotiated treaties with Native Americans to take their land and move them west. Andrew Jackson was no different to make treaties but he was different because of his track record. However, “...violation of the rights of Native Americans had begun even earlier…the first Europeans arrived in North America.” He did not follow the crowd and made decisions on his own that would benefit the United States and society as a whole. Between the years 1785 -1798, there were at least seven treaties between the Creeks (two treaties) and the Cherokee (five treaties). Then from 1800 to the beginning of the War of 1812, the treaties decreased to six between the Creeks and the Cherokees. After the War of 1812 ended and before the election of 1828, the treaties between the United States and the Native American tribes of the Creeks and Cherokee increased to at least fifteen. This expected from the War of 1812, especially the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. On November 28, 1785, the Cherokee Indians and the United States signed a treaty in Hopewell which states, “…give peace to all the Cherokees, and receive them into the favour and protection of the United States of America…” Of course it said the Natives

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Andrew Jackson’s message to Congress and “Samuel’s Memory” are about the same topic, the Indian Removal Act, but are two completely different pieces. Both are told from two very different points of views. Both evoke very different emotions. One was written to persuade people and justify the Act and the other was written to show the horror of the Act and the devastation of how the act affected the Indian people. While both are about the same topic, they are nowhere near the same.

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Then State governments started joining in this effort to try to drive the Native Americans out. Several states had passed laws limiting the Native Americans sovereignty and rights and encroaching on their own territory. Andrew Jackson, president during this time, has been a supporter of what he called “Indian removal.”

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The statement, "We solemnly and earnestly protest against that false treaty," supports the author's argument that the Cherokee Nation was deceived and forced to move even further west. However, the strength or weakness of this source remains unclear as it is unclear whether the Cherokee Nation didn't understand the Treaty or if they were intentionally tricked into

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The early 1800’s in America was a time of growth and development. The US government wanted to secure the nation's thriving future with expanding their land. According to The Cherokee Nation, In 1823 when the Supreme court made a decision that the Indians could occupy land in the United states, but later came into a issue, where Andrew Jackson wanted and persistently was pushing the Cherokees out of their land, and so were not able to keep their title to the land. Then in 1831 the Cherokee took the trail back to the Supreme court.

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It led government officials to demand that the American Indians be removed. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which made eastern Indians move to reservations in present-day Oklahoma. Georgia forced Cherokees to sell their lands. U.S. soldiers placed families in prison camps and then forced them to walk to territory west of the Mississippi River. About 4,000 of the 18,000 Indians forced to march died, mainly from disease, starvation, and weather.

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This was due to the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek that was signed in 1830. The treaty promised that the Five Civilized Tribes could keep their land in Oklahoma “As long as the grass grows and water runs.” These tribes included the Cherokee, the Creek, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Seminole. In 1890, Congress attempted to negotiate with the Five Civilized Tribes to initiate an allotment agreement. These negotiations typically ended with threats being made to several tribes in Oklahoma, including the Cherokee.

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It contained several articles, but was a general agreement that the Cherokee would remove themselves from their homeland and take up new land in the West. This treaty cost three men their lives. The Treaty of New Echota ceded Cherokee land to the U.S. in exchange for compensation. The treaty had been negotiated by a Cherokee leader, Major Ridge, who claimed to represent the Cherokee Nation when, in fact, he spoke only for a small portion of the Cherokees. Without authorization from Cherokee Chief John Ross, Ridge, and a few other Cherokee signed the Treaty of New Echota and agreed to removal west of the Mississippi in exchange for five million dollars (Todayingeorgiahistory.org).

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The Indian Removal Act was signed in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson to remove the Cherokee Indians from their homes and force them to settle west of the Mississippi River. The act was passed in hopes to gain agrarian land that would replenish the cotton industry which had plummeted after the Panic of 1819. Andrew Jackson believed that effectively forcing the Cherokees to become more civilized and to christianize them would be beneficial to them. Therefore, he thought the journey westward was necessary. In late 1838, the Cherokees were removed from their homes and forced into a brutal journey westward in the bitter cold.

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In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to give up their lands and to migrate to present-day Oklahoma, due to the signing of The Treaty of New Echota. The Cherokees were deported from their homes, betrayed by the government whom they treated with respect, separated them from their land that they nurtured; the Cherokee struggled to understand how to make a new life. The Indian Removal led to thousands of Cherokees to die due to starvation, diseases, and exhaustion during their march known as The Trail of Tears. This paper will discuss the effects it had on the Cherokees and what has happened during the trail.

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The Indian Removal Act was passed during Andrew Jackson’s presidency on May 28, 1830. This authorized the president to grant land that was west of the Mississippi River to Indians that agreed to give up their homeland. They believed that the land could be more profitably farmed by non-Indians.

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government ordered the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Using the Treaty of New Echota in 1835, it justified the removal of the Cherokees. “The treaty, signed by about 100 Cherokees known as the Treaty party, relinquished all lands east of the Mississippi River in exchange for land in Indian Territory and the promise of money, livestock, various provisions, tools and other benefits.” In 1838, the U.S. Army began enforcement of the Removal Act under orders from President Andrew Jackson. An estimated of 4,000 Cherokees died during the Journey from hunger, exposure, and disease.

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In addition, another contrasting piece of information is between the textbook and Jackson’s document. Jackson states, “In negotiating these treaties they were made to understand their true condition, and they have preferred maintaining their independence in the Western forests to submitting to the laws of the States in which they now reside” (Jackson). In the textbook, however, it states “fraud dominated the government’s approach to treaty making and Indian sovereignty” (Norton & Kamensky, 239) and that

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Contrary to popular belief, Thomas Jefferson was the one who proposed the idea of the Indian Removal Act. The proposal was made when native tribes refused to integrate and adapt to American lifestyle (assimilation). In fact, Jefferson stated, “if we are constrained to lift the hatchet against any tribe, we will never lay it down until that tribe is exterminated, or driven beyond the Mississippi.” As president, Jefferson made an agreement with Georgia to relinquish their claim of land in the west in return that the United States army would force the Cherokee from Georgia. However, the agreement was demolished because the United States had formed a treaty with the Cherokee granting them the right to their lands.

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On July 17, 1830, the Cherokee nation published an appeal to all of the American people. United States government paid little thought to the Native Americans’ previous letters of their concerns. It came to the point where they turned to the everyday people to help them. They were desperate. Their withdrawal of their homeland was being caused by Andrew Jackson signing the Indian Removal Act into law on May 28, 1830.

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The nation signed over 40 treaties with different groups, and one of the worst was when the Cherokee took the violation of a treaty of land with the state of Georgia to court, and the president at the time, Andrew Jackson, became the first and only to this day to go against Supreme court rule. That was a big loss for the native people as a whole; they could not be backed up by their own president, even if they won in court. The treaties just kept being signed and then violated. All these broken treaties led to the many replacements of Native tribes. The Natives were given land with no value, and they did not question anything because they feared being worse off than they were in the first place.

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