1.3.1 Land of the Nile
The Egyptians called their country Kernet meaning “the Black Land.” They also called it Deshret meaning “the Red Land.”They also used the term Lower Egypt to refer to the northern delta and Upper Egypt to refer to the communities along the river all the way south to Asia. Through the use of the Nile River water, careful management of dykes and irrigation systems, the Egyptians developed a flourishing agricultural system. They also established an early fishing industry. Mud from the river banks was used to make pots for cooking food as well as bricks for the building of houses. To navigate the Nile, the Egyptians learned to build different types of boats. They mined copper, gold and silver. They also traded with other countries to obtain what they could not find in Egypt.
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To begin with, they were nomads who may have established permanent settlement because of the good climate and environment. By 6000 BC they had started domesticating cattle and constructing big buildings. It is believed that the descendants of these people were the ones who started the Egyptian civilization. When the climate had changed by 4000 BC, they might have migrated eastward to the Nile. Other ancient settlements that help to explain the beginning of Egyptian Civilization are Badari (5000 BC) and Al Fayum (4000 BC)
[Start Activity box] Activity 3.2 Homework
Answer all the questions below.
1. State three reasons why the Nile River was important in the development of the Egyptian Civilization.
2. List five factors that promoted the development of the Egyptian civilization.
3. Give any two reasons why the nomads of Egypt established permanent settlement.
4. Name the two places of permanent settlement set up by the people who started the Egyptian civilization.
[end activity box] 1.3.3 Unification of and Early Dynastic