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Argumentative Essay On Stem Cells

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Possibly one of the most exciting prospects in the field of medical research currently is the potential of using stem cells as a novel therapy for a vast range of human diseases. This prospect rests on the fundamental capability of stem cells to differentiate into a huge variety of healthy functioning adult cells, many of which can be specialized, thus providing a healthy set of cells to replace those that have been damaged or lost through degenerative diseases. Therefore, essentially any disease that causes destruction of both tissues and cells can theoretically use stem cells as a viable treatment. This can include Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, spinal cord and heart diseases, cancer and even certain eye disorders (1).
One area that is currently …show more content…

Therefore as there is an increasing shortage of available transplant organs, stem cell research is actively seeking out alternative strategies designed to regenerate heart tissue. As ischaemic injury results in continuing loss of cardiomyocytes in the heart, transplantation of cardiomyogenic stem cells is at the forefront of current research. Cardiomyocytes are the cells that compose cardiac muscle and are extremely important in heart contraction. They can be generated from a number of different stem cells including both somatic stem cells such as mesenchymal cells and skeletal myoblasts, and pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent cells …show more content…

It is believed today that the adult heart holds primitive cells that are able to restore the main cell lineages of the heart; cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle. CS/PCs are classified within this group of cells due to their multipotency, their ability to self-renew and their potential to proliferate. Although there are very little CS/PCs in healthy hearts, the amount present increases after cardiac injury (5). These cells can then be isolated and attained from biopsy specimens, cultured and expanded in vitro and thus are able to produce an adequate number of cells necessary for autologous transplantation into the patient

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The cardiac cycle is the coordination of the filling and exhausting of blood by electrical signals that cause the heart muscles to contract and unwind. The contraction of the heart is directed by a nerve drive that goes from the SA node to AV node to AV group to Purkinje fibers to the myocardium. Amid the cardiac cycle, the heart contracts by means of systole, pushing blood out of the heart, and unwinds through diastole, filling the heart with blood. Cardiomyocytes, or cardiac cells, are striated and are in charge of the pumping of the heart; they are the main muscle cells with intercalated plates. The heart's inner pacemaker controls and times the thumping of the heart by means of electrical signals.

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The TEM showed the cardiac muscle structure in the untouched hearts in a Z-shape (a, b), while the regenerating heart cell arrangement began disconnecting and created lots of space between the cells (c, d). The myosin seen in the normal heart turns out to be disorganized (f), and after 7 days the space was once again present (e, f). Around the 7th day, the distortion of the cell structure increased, resembling those with BrdU. However, TUNEL proved that the cardiomyocytes appeared normal and showed no signs of apoptosis. Cells with the PH3 marker showed no signs of noticeable sarcomeric organization, while PCNA-positive cells showed the

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These muscles are responsible for the mechanical process of filling and emptying the heart. The second and debatably most important type of cardiac muscle cells are the auto rhythmic cells. These cells make up the conductile network that allow the heart to function independently of the nervous system. These cells are responsible for generating the action potential that initiates a contraction within the heart muscles and allow us to have a

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Over the following years, it laid the base for heart transplantation to become a well-established form of therapy for end-stage cardiac disease. Today, the process of a heart transplant had become a relatively routine for many doctors. With the new discovery of heart transplants actually being successful, it helped in other surgeries such as orthopedic heart transplantation, development of heterotopic heart transplantation, xenotransplantation and many more. In orthopedic heart transplantation there were 10 patients and each one lived various of months or years after the surgery. Dirk van Zyl was the one who survived the longest of more than 23 years.

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A human heart cDNA library was screened with a probe corresponding to the mouse PPARg (7). Three overlapping clones were identified, purified, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence is shown in Fig. 1. The longest open reading frame starting from the nucleotide at position 91 coded for a polypeptide of 505 amino acids.

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One last historical note that I feel is interesting to mention once again is that my current laboratory, where isolated heart studies are performed weekly (the Visible Heart ® laboratory), is the same laboratory in which C. Walton Lillehei and his many esteemed colleagues conducted the majority of their cardiovascular research studies in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is also

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Another surgery that can be done is a surgical maze procedure. In this procedure the doctors makes several small cuts on specific areas of the heart. When these cuts heal the form scar tissues. Scar tissues are fibrosis tissues meaning that they doesn’t carry out the function of the tissues that they are replacing they are simply there to bind the tissues together. Since scar tissues replace the small cuts in the heart they don’t carry out the electrical impulses which then slows them

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The heart contains electrical pacemaker cells, which cause it to contract. THe contraction of the heart produces a heartbeat.

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Throughout history, disease has ravaged the world. Many people cannot explain this phenomenon, but others believe that God planned for it to happen. These individuals believe that God has a reason for everything. In the world today, heart disease has become a real problem among other conditions. According to the National Institute of Health, “it may become possible to generate healthy heart muscle cells in the laboratory and then transplant those cells into patients with chronic heart disease” (“Stem Cell Basics VII”).

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Nowadays thanks to the transgenic techniques, the mouse has become the major animal model used for studying congenital cardiac anomalies and DNA defects induced by chemical substances.(34) C57BL/6 is the most widely used strain produced by a minimum of twenty generations of brother-sister mating.(35) Its genome has been sequenced and they are known as good breeders.(36) Regarding the anatomy of the mouse heart, the thymus gland is well developed and presented anterior to the heart.(37) The heart is surrounded by pericardial membrane which consists of visceral and parietal portions.(37)

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Kent, M., 2013. Advanced biology, 2nd ed. Laizzo, P., 2016. HANDBOOK OF CARDIAC ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND DEVICES. SPRINGER, S.l.

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 substitute neurons impaired by spinal cord injury, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or other neurological problems;  create insulin that could treat individuals with diabetes and heart muscle cells that could repair mutilation after a heart attack; or  Substitute virtually any tissue or organ that is damaged or unhealthy. But embryonic stem cell-based therapies can do a lot more. Studying how stem cells develop into heart muscle cells could offer clues about how we could prompt heart muscle to repair itself after a heart attack. The cells could be used to study ailment, classify new drugs, or screen drugs for toxic side effects.

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Stem cells are found in a verity of different places such as the early embryo, the fetus, the placenta and more. They are accountable for generating new tissues; furthermore once growth is complete, stem cells are responsible for repair and regeneration of damaged and aging tissues. The cells that are generated in our body could convert into any organ-specific cell and then it would create the organ.(1) Scientists would take the stem cells in the earliest stage of life and would save it. Stem cells under special experimental conditions could turn into a tissue or organ- specific cells that have the characteristics and the functions of this organ.

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Though the arena of ASCs is not tarnished by controversies, the issue with them is also that they are often existent only in minuscule quantities, are challenging to isolate and sanitize and their numbers might decline with age, as per a primer by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). At this stage, much remains mysterious about the potential of ESCs. But, going by the success in the arena of animal testing, it might very well turn out that ESCs could offer solutions to voluminous ailments in humans. The answer to the potential advantages of ESC lies in research. To comprehend the benefits of embryonic stem cells or any kind of stem cells for that matter, and to discern possible treatments in humans, several lines of research need to be tracked concurrently.

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According to a study conducted by the United Nations, nearly one billion people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s, for example, are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that, unfortunately, come with poor prognoses. Luckily, there is increasing evidence that these diagnoses do not have to be devastating. Research done using stem cells, as both the model and the treatment, have shown that the effects of these diseases can halted and even reversed. I first learned of this topic my sophomore year when I selected it as a topic for a research paper.

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