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Atkinson Shiffrin Theory

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Human memory is becoming a worldwide investigation in the fields of psychology. Atkinson-Shiffrin model suggests long term and short term memory. The model believes that long term memory is caused by several rehearsals such maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal, and distinctiveness. Similarly levels of processing—depth of processing, which involves shallow processing and deep processing—involve processes that influence memory. However, unlike Atkinson-Shiffrin model, levels of processing do not distinguish memory into short term and long term. The theory believes that elaborative rehearsal, or deep processing, improves long term memory. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed that deep level of processing led to longer lasting memory while …show more content…

24 participants were tested individually. 60 words—common five-letter nouns—were given to the subjects. Each structural, phonological, and semantic words had 10 yes and no questions. Structural questions asked if a word is in capital letter or in small letter. Phonological question asked if a word rhymes with the given word or not. Semantic question asked if a word fits into a blank provided in a sentence. The questions were presented auditorily. After each question, a word appeared for 200 msec after 2 seconds. The study used tachistoscope. Response latency to each yes or no question was recorded. Then the participants were unexpectedly given a recognition test. The test involved 180 words of which had 60 original words and 120 distractors. The participants were asked to recall the 60 original words from that list. The word recognition, which went through semantic level of analysis, increased to 81% in yes words and 49% in no …show more content…

The independent variable was measured by independent measures. Due to random sampling, 10 participants were in experiment condition, where they solved yes or no response questions in semantic level, and 10 participants were in controlled condition, where they did the same thing but answered questions in structural level. The number of words correctly being recalled from a word-list measured dependent variable. The hypothesis is one-tailed as it compares the number of words recalled from participants who went through semantic level of processing to the number of words recalled from participants who went through structural level of

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