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Kenneth Lieberthal's Power Hierarchy Analysis

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Introduction
China is having a rapid economic development since forty years ago. Its significant social change is the enormous numbers of folks migrate from rural areas to urban areas. In the period of 2000 to 2012, the proportion of flowing population raised from 1.21 millions to 2.36 millions. (National Population Census, 2013) Recently, the migrate workers (flowing population) tended to bring their children with them. However, the citizens’welfare system, school enrollment system or even healthcare system was according to the Hukou household registration system. The National Bureau Of Statistic Of China (2013) commented on the status of child education, “Millions of school-aged migrant children still failed to receive or complete compulsory …show more content…

In the post-Mao period in China, the state’s chairman who mastered his political powers as he was the commander of the state army and the party’s president. They said, “The political decisions and national policies were made strictly “from top to bottom” through a pyramidal administrative structure.”

Kenneth Lieberthal had described the phenomenon the power hierarchy in central government while remaining the chances for competition among institutions and making the bargaining opportunities between governments and institutions as Fragmented Authoritarianism. This phenomenon was coined “fragmented authoritarianism” by Lampton in 1987. Kenneth Lieberthal and Michael Oksenberg had introduced an essential policy-makings and implementations model called “fragmented authoritarianism” (FA) in 1988. The fragmented and lack of cooperated Chinese political system had appeared since 1970s …show more content…

A Hukou residential registration policy was widely and strictly imposed around China since 1949. The registration policy needed the floating citizens, who moved out their district of registered domicile for work, to enroll and get a permit of the new city from the local police department. (Liang and Chen 2007; Yan 2005). Comparing to the local residents, the migrant workers did not have equal treatments in social benefits. In addition, an enormous demand for education in Beijing since many temporary residents brought their children with them or gave birth in the period of migration. The migrant children deserved a better regulation to access school. Also, there were some non-financial obstacles in Beijing, for examples, the limited quotas of Hukou, unsatisfying registration practices, insufficient of licensed academic institutions and

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Mao Zedong, one of the most influential leaders in Chinese history, once said that, “Of all the things in the world, people are the most precious.” One of the biggest problems that he faced was the growing population of China. At first, he discouraged birth control, but when the growth rate was growing astronomically, Mao introduced “Late, Long and Few.” When even this was not slowing down the population growth, China implemented a one-child policy. It allowed for the Chinese population to have one child, and was far more harmful than beneficial to China.

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Grace Fair April 20th, 2023 Mr. Selitto World History China DBQ Mao and Deng both transformed China in similar and different ways. Mao tended to be harsher, wanting everyone to conform to his idea of the cultural revolution of China. While Deng wanted people to have more capitalistic ideas, allowing people to run things themselves without harsh control from the government. This DBQ will discuss how China ran under the similar and different political, diplomatic, and economic rules of Mao and Deng.

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Throughout the history of The Roman Empire the government has changed elected consuls to powerful emperors with intent to overall better the empire. Comparatively, China’s empire was constantly adjusted from a simpler bureaucracy to a censorate appointed to provinces, which lead it to be argued as the most unified empire. Rome and China attempted to unify their empires both similarly and very differently because of the different structures of their governments and the culture flowing through the empires. The Roman and Chinese had similar ideas of having a bureaucratic based government to centralize the people under the rule of the emperor like the censorate in China and senate in Rome. On the contrary, those political structures were both

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The population is slowly decreasing from the country mainly because of this policy. This sudden decrease is mainly affecting the farmers of China who mostly rely on their children to do the farm work. The population plummet really took a toll on the parent farmers and their children. The parents abused that one child and forced that child to do all of the farm work. (Document B).

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The Zhou states fell into chaos, and turmoil began to brew once the central government’s inability to rule became apparent; the catalyst of said turmoil was the desire for dominion over China, “As the Zhou states competed for power, the authority of the Zhou dynasty slowly lessened and the feudal system died out.” (Wachtel, 2009,

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So, it is quite easy to see that the pattern of population dynamics or the makeup of populations based on age and size in China. Most young adults can be found in cities working to earn money for their young children and parents in suburbs and countrysides. Meanwhile, their

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The book Age of Ambition written by Evan Osnos, a staff writer of The New Yorker who covers politics and foreign affairs, reveals life in the new China to be a battleground between aspiration and authoritarianism, in which only one can prevail, and he also describes the greatest conflict taking place in China: the clash between the rise of the individual and the Communist Party’s struggle to retain control. Evan Osnos states his idea in the book, “An account of the collision of two forces: aspiration and authoritarianism, shows a China river by moral crisis and explosive frustration, whose citizens are desperate to achieve wealth, even as they are terrified of being left with nothing. It is also a riveting and troubling portrait of a people

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Imagine your are an elderly couple and has a son/daughter that passed away due to illness,or in a disaster and with the One child policy what would you do? Well the One Child Policy was made to prevent more increase in population the policy was made in 1970 by the chinese governors to help balance the population. The One Child Policy was a bad idea for China for these three reasons Challenge for women,Neglection of the elder,and The policy was just not necessary. One reason that one child policy was a bad idea because it was challenging for women.[Anthropologist Vanessa] Fang argues that this generation of urban singleton girls have been empowered to challenge some of the gender norms that have been long dominated by the chinese life [Document D].Nonetheless an,April [2009] study published in British Medical Journal found china still has 32 million more boys than girls under the age 20.[Document E].

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These sources of inequality are inherent in China’s hukou system which restricts rural migrants from privileges enjoyed by urban residents in terms of social security such as retirement benefits, schooling, and housing (Joseph, 2014, p. 260-261). The addition to income from a university education compared to that of primary schooling has increased dramatically from 9% in 1988 to 39% in 1995 to 88% in 2002 (Gustafsson, Li and Sicular, 2008, p. 25). This means that levels of educational attainment highly influenced the income earning prospects and is a significant factor of income inequality in China. Indeed, gap in education contributes as much as 11% to China’s Gini coefficient (Gan 2013, p. 18). The exclusivity of access to education inherent in the hukou system therefore significantly contributes to the rising levels of inequality in

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