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Bacillus Research Paper

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2.3 BACILLUS SPECIES
The bacillus genus comprises of gram-positive aerobic or facultative anaerobic endospore-forming rod-shaped bacteria that includes both mesophiles and extremophiles (Priest, 1993). Bacillus species are ubiquitous and environmentally diverse, they include thermophilic, psychrophilic, acidophilic, alkalophilic and halophilic bacteria. The bacteria produce spores under unfavourable environmental conditions. Spores produced are resistant to heat, drying, disinfectants and other destructive agents thus remain viable for long periods (Nicholson, Munakata, Horneck, Melosh, & Setlow, 2000). Spores may be oval or cylindrical in shape and may be located centrally, sub terminally or terminally. Spores, resting and inactive survival …show more content…

Higher numbers of the species occur at coastal waters with increasing temperature and depth. Predominant species in seawater includes B. licheniformis followed by B. subtilis and B. plumilus (Bonde, 1981). Species of the genus bacillus found in fresh water represents most of bacteria of soil origin (Austin and Allen-Austin, 1983). Species are in fresh waters are common in sediments and include B. cereus, B. firmis, B. megaterium, and B. pumilus (Allen et al, 1983).
Various species of the genus bacillus have been isolated from the faeces of animals. They occur in the alimentary tract of animals (Gibson and Gordon, 1974). Bacillus species are important members of the rumen ecosystem as they assist in the nutrition of the host. Species isolated from the rumen of ruminants include B. licheniformis, B. circulans, B. coagulans, and B. laterosporus (Williams and Withers, 1981, 1983). Bacillus species are not commonly associated with leaves but are occasionally isolated from olive tree leaves (Ercolani, 1978). Large populations of bacillus are found in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane including B. macerans, B. polymyxa and sporolactobacillus which grow at the expense of root exudates. Conversely, some species of the genus provide plants with nitrate in nitrogen deficient soils (Rhodes-Roberts, 1981). Bacillus flora present in food is related to the distribution …show more content…

Enzymes produced include the function such as oxidizing or reducing, hydrolyzing and metabolic in nature. Relative amount as well as catalytic property of the various individual enzymes produced varies between species and even between strains of the same species (Outtrup and Jorgensen, 2002). Enzymes produced by bacillus species make up about 50% of the total enzyme market (Schallmey et al, 2004). The enzymes alkaline proteinase and α-amylase dominate the industrial market. Alkaline proteinase is used extensively as detergent additives and α-amylase are used in the starch industry (Tomazee and Klibanov, 1988). Similarly, the enzyme glucose isomerase produced using B. coagulan is used to convert glucose to fructose in the production of high fructose corn

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Unknown #10 produced no identifiable macroscopic characteristics as a broth, so the first step was to Gram stain a loopful to determine the microscopic characteristics. Gram staining not only helped identify Unknown #10’s microscopic morphology but it also helped ensure the specimen was a pure culture—no other bacteria were visible when Unknown #10 was Gram stained and observed under the microscope. Unknown #10’s key microscopic morphology was that it was a very small, Gram negative bacillus. Though bacilli can possibly form endospores, no empty white centers were visible which suggested that Unknown #10 was not an endospore forming bacteria. No quick endospore stain was performed to validate this assumption since only one assigned organism was endospore forming and unlike Unknown #10, that organism was Gram positive.

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The purpose of this lab report is to employ a myriad of skills, tools and, methods learned throughout this semester to perform the appropriate tests for the identification of the assigned unknown bacteria. Add more background information here!!! The most important tools and techniques used during this identification include aseptic technique, microscopic examination and, the use of selective and differential media. Aseptic technique is an important tool for microbiologists. It is imperative that aseptic technique is maintained throughout the length of any test to avoid any cross-contamination that may lead to inaccurate results.

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The unknown bacteria was then tested on multiple selective and differential media. Growth was present on the MacConkey Agar and the colonies were the same color as the plate, which told me my bacteria was gram negative and did not ferment lactose. There was no growth on the Mannitol Salt Agar, and this told me the unknown was not salt tolerant and did not

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Based on the catalase and carbohydrate fermentation tests, Enterobacter aerogenes seems to have tested like a facultative anaerobe, matching the unknown bacteria #36. Enterobacter aerogenes is the best fit for the unknown, however now a perfect one. The test that differs is the glucose fermentation, lactose fermentation as well as a difference in pigmentation result.

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Usually, around 80% of the bacteria are considered 'friendly' and are primarily of the Lactobacillus Acidophilus variety, whilst the remaining 20% are yeast organisms, Candida Albicans. Yeast can

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