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Behavioral Psychology: Classical And Operant Conditioning

636 Words3 Pages

Behavioral psychologists have focused on the learning of associations through classical and operant conditioning. In this essay I will be explaining, how operant conditioning is learned between behaviors with their consequences. Behaviors are reinforced through positive and negative reinforcement and are more likely to happen again. As well as people are considered punished for the consequences to not occur again.
Both punishment and reinforcement can occur in a negative and positive form. Punishment is the process by which the probability of a response is decreased by the presentation of a punisher. A positive punishment is consider adding something you do not like. My 10-year-old son keeps making a mess outside when he is playing. Since I am trying to get him to learn to not make a mess, I make him mow the lawn when a …show more content…

I have recently decided to work harder on receiving “A’s” as class grades. I have observed a few friends who have excellent GPA scores to see what do they do to have good grades. I have learned that they study several times a week by their selves and in groups. They also make sure to read over assignments to understand exactly what needs to be completed. They are never late on any assignments and put time, effort and dedication in to every class. As I observed I now know how to follow their steps as guidance on how to prepare and exceed on all classes. I am also being observed by my 3-year-old son. As for anyone who has kids understand what they see is what they do. My son plays with his toys in our living room. When I say clean up time I used to sing a song as I would put up all his toys in a certain section of the room. I did it so many times that now all I have to say is “clean up” and he starts to sing the cleanup song and puts all his toys were they are supposed to be. As well he has observed me to wash my teeth every morning that now he does it on his

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Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

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To best understand the theory discussed in this paper it is important to understand the psychological concepts behind it. Foremost, being the concepts of operant and classical conditioning (CC), which stem from learning and behavioral psychology. CC is most likely the simplest form of psychological conditioning. Whereas operant conditioning (OC) is a bit more complex. Studies show that CC, however, can be used to support the theory presented on how psychological conditioning can lead to addictive behaviors.

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Classical Conditioning Psychology

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It is necessary to consider all factors when diagnosing an individual, as a behavioral perspective we have observed that classical conditioning (associative learning) was presented. In the movie we can see that Pat associated his wedding song to the incident which causes him to break down emotionally. When Pat came home from work the day he walked in on his wife having an affair, his wedding song was playing. He believed that his wife was doing something nice for him and instead he was negatively impacted by the images he saw and the response he approached the scenario causing him to assault the history teacher. This is a form of classical conditioning because now every time he hears his wedding song he becomes frustrated where he throws things

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The behavior I chose to remove by operant conditioning was biting and picking my nails and the skin around my nails. This behavior consists of biting my nails, biting the skin surrounding my nails, and picking at the skin surrounding my nails. I group these behaviors together because I often do them simultaneously. For simplicity's sake, I will refer to the behavior as nail biting/picking; this term will include the act of biting my nails, and picking and biting the skin around my nails. I chose this behavior because when I pick or bite the skin around my nails, my cuticles become messed up look bad and are occasionally painful.

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My first topic will be over classical conditioning and learning by association. Classical conditioning is defined as learning that occurs when a stimulus elicits a response that was originally caused by another stimulus. One example I can think of in my life is marching band, and the various stimuli we are exposed to. Before we start the, season, we have to go through band camp, where we begin the acquisition, which is the phase of learning where a response is established. An example of this will be when we are called to attention.

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Operant conditioning is a behavior learning that influenced and controlled by consequences. Learning behaviors in operant conditioning are made through rewards and punishment with the result of a change in behaviors. B. F. Skinner created the phrase operant conditioning. However, his work is utilized from another psychologist, Edward Thorndike law of effect. Skinner input four kinds of consequences, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment.

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