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Bilingualism Case Study

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Similar results were confirmed by many studies conducted on different groups American-Chinese (Wang1924), Italians and Puerto Ricans(Darcy 1952), Indians(Jamieson-Sandifrod),Japanese(Yoshioka), Mexicans(Garth 1928; Altus 1953) Jews and Italians(Arsenian 1937), In 1920, when intelligence test was first introduced, the lower scores of bilinguals were attributed to their intellectual inferiority (Garretson 1928) or the adverse effects of bilingualism (Yoshioka 1929). The general findings are bilingualism is a disadvantage for bilinguals when their intelligence is measured on verbal test of intelligence (Darcy 1953). Most of the studies suggested bilinguals as ‘home-school’ bilingual. Most of the children in these studies were living in non- English …show more content…

He concluded that at the time of college entrance the students were still handicapped by bilingualism. However, bilingual background of students had no effect on the GPAs, whereas the exception was seen in the Korean group their level of bilingualism and GPA were positively correlated .43 but Smith failed to mention this. Overall, the positive correlation between the GPA and the degree of bilingualism (in case of Korean students) was more impressive than the negative correlation between aptitude and …show more content…

Verbal Comprehension Index. Tasks: Similarities, vocabulary, information and comprehension. Measures: abstract/ verbal reasoning, semantic knowledge, vocabulary and comprehension. 2. Perceptual Reasoning Index. Tasks: Block design, matrix reasoning, visual puzzles, picture comprehension and figure weight. Measures: visual spatial processing, problem solving, inductive reasoning, quantitative reasoning and ability to quickly perceive visual details. 3. Working Memory Index. Tasks: Digit span, arithmetic and letter-number sequence. Measures: working memory, attention, encoding, auditory processing, quantitative reasoning, manipulation and mental concentration and mental control. 4. Processing Speed Index. Task: Symbol search, coding and cancellation Measures: processing speed, associative memory, graphomotor speed and processing

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The timeliness of the article is recent, it was published in 2014. The authors are reliable, both Bialystok and Craik have degrees in psychology, as well as conducted some of this research themselves. This article proves its truthfulness with citing where they received some of their information about advances of bilingualism. The purpose of this article is to educate the scientific audience that there is evidence of bilingualism being a benefit on our

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In the essay, "Aria: Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood", Richard Rodriguez explains his opinion on bilingual education based on his own childhood experience. He provides reasons why it would be retrogressive to permit the non-English speaking children use their family language as the language in school. In defending his positions, he provides three ideas to support his position: • The use of family language impedes child’s social growth. Insistence on using Spanish language at home made Rodriguez and his older sister and brother to be socially disadvantaged at school.

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Charlotte Buckhold Unit 1 Individual Project PSYC102-1503B-02 August 19, 2015 Cognitive Psychology is the study of mental processes, going beyond the “conscious” and “unconscious” of psychodynamic psychology, delving into the studies of sensation, perception, problem solving, attention, memory, learning and intelligence. Cognitive psychology was born from the dissatisfaction of behavioral psychology, which focuses on the studies of people’s observable behaviors as opposed to ones internal process. Some of the key concepts of cognitive psychology are perception, memory and language. Perception is how someone identifies, interprets and responds to sensory information (i.e. information gathered from our senses). Memory is a person’s ability to record and store information.

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In chapter 7 the main topics that were discussed were thinking, language and intelligence. The aspect of cognition is defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. Thinking involves be to manipulate internal, mental representation of information to be able to draw inferences and conclusions. With thinking there are two kinds of mental representation present which are, mental images and concepts. There are also types of concepts that are used with thinking.

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In the essay Rodriguez challenges the idea of bilingual education, he takes us through his personal experience of a bilingual childhood where he talks about what he encountered in America as he attempts to adjust to the American culture, and how he preserved his intimacy with his family even through the language barrier. Throughout the essay, we soon see that his identity and success is tied to the place and how he was raised, his parents are a major part of his success. Richard Rodriguez was Born in a Mexican immigrant family, him and he’s family moved to California, so he had to adapt to the new and unfamiliar situation, where the culture and language is completely different, therefore making him feel like he did not belong in the American culture. There was something Richard said that was really interesting, he said “An accident of geography sent me to a school where all my classmates were white.”

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An example of using short term memory in my life would be when I’m going to a place and I have to remember the address and then I use it in my GPS, but then I don’t really remember it after a couple of hours. This would also be an example of working memory because I would use my long term memory to help keep that address locked in my head until I don’t need to use it

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In October 2006, I was with 1st Cavalry Division and had deployed to Iraq. It was my first deploying to a combat zone. We were a fairly new platoon under a new Platoon Sergeant and Platoon leader. The only constant was our senior scout.

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Since parents tend to have limited English language skills, the communication between school and parent is limited. (Huffcut 34). Hmong parents who do not speak English insist that their children communicate in their native language and keep up Hmong traditions (Vang, F. 4). First generation Hmong American college students do not perform as well as other students because of language barrier too. Students whose parents are illiterate in English or their primary language are more likely to be underachievers in school (Vang, C. 10).

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There are two Wechsler test: The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WISA). Dr. David Wechsler viewed intelligence in the terms of intellectual performance. The reason for reasoning the intelligence matters how much intelligence one has and if they are able to able to the environment; what also matters is how well they uses their intelligence. Individual’s performance is measured by how well they can focus. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales tests five areas of cognitive ability: Verbal Comprehension, Nonverbal and Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory and Processing Speed.

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Furthermore, and individual administering the WISC-IV will need administrative experience pertaining to testing children with a unique and diverse backgrounds (Plake, 2005). The WISC-IV will provide a full scale IQ for the child. This number represents the child’s overall cognitive ability (Plake, 2005). Any individual taking the WISC-IV will be tested on four indexes. The four additional scores that can be obtained are the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index.

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THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE INTRODUCTION Throughout history, numerous researchers have suggested different definitions regarding intelligence and that it is a single, general ability, while other researchers believed that the definition of intelligence includes a range of skills. Spearman (general intelligence), Gardner (multiple intelligence) and Goleman (emotional intelligence) have all looked into further research regarding intelligence, where 3 different theories were formed regarding what intelligence is and how it should be defined. Since then, Binet, Simon and Terman have all contributed to intelligence testing. Although, there is still controversy over intelligence testing.

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Today, there are many parents who still believe that learning multiple languages can cause language delay and low intelligence due to the misunderstanding

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Cengage Learning. Dickinson D, R. M., Gold JM. (2007). Overlooking the obvious: a metaanalytic comparison of digit symbol coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64, 532-542.

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Being bilingual has got many advantages. It has been debated that bilingualism has multiple advantages such as cognitive, cultural, academic benefits as well. Cognitive benefit reveals that being bilingual help to facilitate human brain. People who are bilingual have two language systems which are working simultaneously. These systems don’t create hindrance in individual’s performance and ensure brain’s functioning of both cognitive aspects (Bialystok, 1999).

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Definition and backgrounds of theories and concepts connected to this study are provided in this chapter. Reviews of previous studies on code-switching, bilingualism and computer mediated communication which are homogenous to this study are provided. 2.1. Bilingualism 2.1.1. Definition of bilingualism

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