Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
K.D.A. Saboia et al. , (2007) have been prepared the Bi4Ti3O12–CaCu3Ti4O12 {[BIT(X)–CCTO(100-X)]} composite powders through solid state reaction method and calcined in the range of 900 to 1020 ºC for 12 h. The as-prepared powders have modified in the form of thick film onto alumina ceramic substrate by utilizing screen printing. At 100 Hz, the value of dielectric constant (κ) of CCTO100 and BIT100 is 316.61 and 53.64 respectively. Conversely, the composite with X=20 % shows an unexpected dielectric constant of 409.71, which is around 20% higher in comparison with the CCTO.
The difference in this chemical and physical properties will aid in their separation. Processes like solubility, gravitational filtration and recrystallization will be used to separate the substances present in Panacetin. The melting and boiling point of the substances will help in concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.26.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3.
Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.22.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3. Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity 1. Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2.
Around the dinner table and in many restaurants, beef is being consumed on a daily basis. Much of the consumption of meat is dependent on the supply and quality that the farmers in the beef industry supply. There are many different breeds of beef cows that are raised and bred with the purpose of providing meat for the consumer. Angus beef, one of the oldest breeds of beef cattle, has a unique history and it is primarily bred and raised for its tender marbleized meat.
From the time man invented fire, animal meat has been a main part of the human diet. Meat, a product we get from other animals, is a primary source of our daily diet. Over time, we progressed from hunting with our bare hands to using tools, and then to guns, yet in the last century, machines were created to mass produce and process consumable livestock. We don’t even touch the meat ourselves until we are preparing it as a meal. The most common livestock we eat includes poultry, cattle and pigs, according to an article in Business Insider (2014).
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the various chemical reactions that happen inside our cells. For the enzymes to function well, they need to be in an environment with a specific set of conditions, other than that it will lead to the denaturation of the enzyme or will render it completely inactive. There are a lot of factors that impact enzyme activities, but in this experiment we examined the effects of 4 different factors which are temperature, pH level, addition of the inhibitor and enzyme concentration. We supervise the enzyme peroxidase by observing the oxidation of the dye Guaiacol which produces water and a tetraguaiacol which has a brown color. We placed the enzymes in different temperature and changed its concentrations.
Introduction Pectinase is a group of enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of pectin-containing substances. It is an integral part in various industrial applications including treating of cotton fabric, paper bleaching, extraction and clarification of fruit juices, removal of pectin from pectic waste waters and tea leaves maceration and other biotechnological applications (Kashyap et al., 2000; Rajendran, 2011 ). These enzymes are commonly produced by Erwinia sp., Aspergillus niger, and by plants such as peaches, carrots, apples and citrus (Alonso et al., 2003). This group of enzymes consists of pectinesterase (PE (E.C 3.1.1.11)), polygalacturonase (PG (E.C 3.2.1.15)) and pectin lyase (PL (E.C 4.2.2.10)) (Singh & Mandal, 2012).
There are many reasons why people choose not to eat meat. Studies indicate how animals are mistreated. Animals’ are known to carry diseases but are more seen as impure for they are injected with steroids, drugs and hormones in order to produce larger quantities of meat which not only has a negative effect on the animal but can lead to cancer in humans. Research has claimed that
Introduction 1.1 Aim: To determine the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme through the determination of the optimum pH and temperature. 1.2 Theory and Principles (General Background): Enzymes are highly specific protein catalysts that are utilised in chemical reactions in biological systems.1 Enzymes, being catalysts, decrease the activation energy required to convert substrates to products. They do this by attaching to the substrate to form an intermediate; the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme. Then, another or the same enzyme reacts with the intermediate to form the final product.2 The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions is influenced by different environmental conditions, such as: concentration
Acid phosphatase is an enzyme commonly found in nature in plants, animals, and protists. Acid phosphatase is found in human bone and prostate tissue. The optimal conditions of acid phosphatase were tested using Michaelis-Menten kinetics to determine the ideal substrate concentration, varied pHs were tested in order to determine the optimal pH, and various temperatures were tested in order to determine the optimal temperature. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the Vmax was determined to be 312.5 nmol/min/mg, the kcat was determined to be 0.1927 s-1 , the KM was determined to be 0.00025 mol-1, and the kcat/KM (catalytic efficiency) was determined to be 770.83 s-1 mol-1. The optimal concentration was determined to be 0.003892 M.
Experimenting the Effects of pH Levels on a Liver’s Enzyme Rate of Reaction What is the effect of pH levels with variations of 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 (±0.5) on the effect of rate reaction measured by volumetric amount in mL (±2.5) when time (180 seconds), temperature (23ºC) and substrate concentration (1g of 100%liver (±0.01)) are kept constant? This experiment was successfully conducted by placing the pieces on liver inside several flasks holding different pH levels and measuring the amount of oxygen released by the reaction by collecting it in a balloon and later calculating its volume. Criterion 1: Personal Engagement Human anatomy has always been a fascinating topic for me. My interest began when my left kidney started
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different levels of selenium (Se, Sodium Selenite) on carcass characteristics of Karadi ram lambs. Fifteen individual lambs were randomly allocated to three treatments (5 lambs for each treatment), control group T1 (0 mg Se /kg BW), low level T2 (0.15 mg Se /kg BW) and high level T3 (0.25 mg Se /kg BW) which were put in an empty gelatin capsules and was orally given to the lambs weekly. The results showed that the effect of the different amount of Se orally intake on slaughter weight (SW), empty body weight (EBW), dressing percentages (hot carcass weight on empty body weight (HCW/EBW), cold carcass weight on SW (CCW/SW) and (CCW/EBW), carcass length and rib eye area, all adipose fat tissues,
