William T Cavanaugh (2008), wrote Being Consumed: Economics and Christian Desire which is a philosophical book, which focus on four (4) economic life matters that addresses the consumer culture within society. These four economic life matters are free market, consumerism, globalization and economic scarcity. In order for this topic to be discussed on a theological point of view, the author draws the reader’s attention to human life, the ends of life in God. The key question in every process is whether or not the transaction contributes to the flourishing of each person involved. In order to address these questions the author points to concrete examples of alternative economic practices in which Christians participate-: business, co-operatives, credit union, practices of consumption which marks the vision for Christian economic life.
Paul Anderson makes superb use of his famous ‘two shot’ throughout the film ‘There Will Be Blood’. Viewers can see manipulation of religion and entrepreneurship through Eli Sunday and Daniel Plainview. Readers can decipher the distinct qualities between Eli and Daniel, but can also examine the comparable attributes both possess. The ‘doorframe’ two shot was arguably the most compelling and captivating shot in the film. This shot makes the setting seem as if though it is a painting, which appoints all focus upon Eli and Daniel.
They state that capitalism is radical evil and contrary to Jesus’ teachings, which they demand it to be
St. John Paul II, formally named Karol Józef Wojtyła, is recognized to be one of the most well traveled world leader as well as a key subordinate for the abolishment of communism in his native Poland and eventually throughout Europe. He was born on May 18, 1920 and died at the age of 84 on April 2, 2005. A native polish, he had a tough childhood. His mother died at childbirth, his sister died before he was born and his brother died from scarlet fever. In 1939 the Nazi occupation began and Wojtyła was forced to work.
Fayez Hussein In the essay “Is Philanthropy a Bad Idea?” the authors doubt the role of philanthropy in society as they claim that they are practically required by the government, take away government responsibility, and how unstable they can be. The authors claim that because governments allows for such an unequal balance of wealth to exist it requires philanthropies to exist.
Should wealth be distributed to the poor and the public? Are heroes actual heroes? In “The Gospel of Wealth” Andrew Carnegie gave his opinion that when the wealthy die, the money should be spread evenly between the less fortunate and the public.(Carnegie 21) In “A Trumpet Note for Heroes” Dee Brown states that Custer did some awful things, when he died, he became a hero.(Brown 3) It is crystal clear that “The Gospel of Wealth” is a firsthand account, because Carnegie wrote the excerpt in his point of view by saying, “I believe I offer the true solution.” which made it that he offered a solution in his time period.(Carnegie 24)
Following the reformation, the emergence of a new kind of economy, one focused on hard work and profit emerged. Weber recounts his theories of why this is so and presents them to us within this five chapter book. Religion was a positive catalyst for economic expansion and drove progress within business and worldly activity. European economies prospered following the Reformation and it began a new period of economic dynamism and religious
Regardless of whether the market is free or not, we as Christians do not change the current circumstances. In chapter two he discusses how in the Eucharist God has created us to consume in the correct way. Chapter three he argues that rather than be for or against globalization, the church should focus on knowing how to become global and knowing how to become local. Finally in the fourth chapter of being consumed he shows that life in Christ refuses to accept scarcity at all. This book gives us a view of our everyday life in the economy with the help of Christian resources.
The Jesuits were an important part of the Counter-Reformation, by spreading the word of Catholicism across the world gaining new followers for the Church. According to an article in the Harvard University Press and edited by Anthony Grafton, “Jesuits” The Classical Tradition, Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits and received approval from Pope Paul III by 1540. The group of Jesuits were an organized group of priests and lay brothers who spread the word of God around the world. Along with spreading the written word they also followed the vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience. The Jesuits main purpose was to practice and then teach the lessons of God to people who did not know about Christianity, that included Japan, China, Paraguay and North America.
Max Weber's thesis in his book “The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism” is that the Protestant world is economically more successful than the Catholic world due to the influence of the Protestant religion in each of its individuals: love for work, honesty, savings and a permitted attachment to material possessions. Which is something that Catholicism only half preached on Sundays but did not control or promote in the daily life of the people. Based on his own statistical studies in Germany in the early 20th century, Weber begins by noting that the Protestants are involved in the ownership of capital more than Catholics. The first cause of this difference is that the Protestant Reformation gave a more strict church-religious domination
However, Weber argued that the strong and seemingly unwavering belief of the Protestant Ethic revealed a collectivist element due to its collective execution on both economic and social life. Through such collectivism, a domino effect has run its course onto society, unleashing the process of rationalisation and morphing the Western society into an iron cage, leaving its members with little to no power to flee from its grasp. As such, the collective force of capitalism and its consequent forms of bureaucracy are what affect the life-chances of individuals. While Gwartney, Lawson and Hall (2011) reported that United Kingdom is among the top ten of the most capitalist country, recent analysis has shown that it has caused a shift in the inequality of social class in respect to wealth and income and other social and cultural indicators (Bennett et al., 2008; Dorling, 2011; Hills, 2010; Wilkinson and Pickett, 2008).
So, Pope Paul VI made some assessments about dangerous social issues, ways to address the social issues, and the results of these issues if not addressed. The Church should teach about what the Bible says about wealth and sharing anything you have that is excess.
Capitalism is understood to be the “economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.” In modern society, capitalism has become the dominant economic system and has become so integrated that it has resulted in a change in the relationships individuals have with other members of society and the materials within society. As a society, we have become alienated from other members of society and the materials that have become necessary to regulate ourselves within it, often materials that we ourselves, play a role in producing. Capitalism has resulted in a re-organization of societies, a more specialized and highly segmented division of labour one which maintains the status quo in society by alienating the individual. Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim theorize on how power is embodied within society and how it affects the individuals of society.
The five solas of the Reformation were, sola gratia, sola fide, solus Christus, sola Scriptura, and Soli Deo Gloria. Each of the five solas refuted at least one Roman Catholic teaching or doctrine that the Reformers did not find Biblical or true. The five solas of the Reformation were the foundation upon which all other Reformation teachings were based, and all of the Reformers agreed, despite their various other doctrinal differences. Sola gratia, Latin for by grace alone, means that man is saved by God’s grace alone and not by his own works. Paul explains this in detail in Ephesians 2:8-9 (NIV): “8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God— 9 not by works, so that no one can boast.”
Wealth has been the focus of almost all economic inquiry because most economic activity aims to produce wealth, if not for private, individual use, then for public consumption or for use as capital for further production. The idea of wealth has changed over time, however. In the early preclassical and the preclassical times, the wealth of states and countries was measured differently from how it is measured today. Before the industrial revolution had taken place, agriculture was the main mode of production, and the philosopher-economists and thinkers, unsurprisingly, thought about wealth in terms of agricultural output and costs of production. Scholasticism was a movement led by priests and members of the church, who wrote and published many pamphlets and books about combining the economic activity at the time with religious guidelines as set by the Bible.
