2.2. Human Factors
Human factors involve employees of e-banking information systems when adopting a new technology (Shah & Siddiqui, 2006). For electronic banking, cloud computing is an innovation in information technology; therefore, CIO plays a critical role in adopting this innovation. CIO approval for adoption of new technology provides a new attitude and positive approach in the organization (Thong, 1999). Technological capability as well as competence of employees is effective on adoption of a new information technology (Wamba & Carter, 2016). In other words, employees require the knowledge and skills needed for a new technology. Another discussion related to adoption of a new technology is the acceptance of new technology by employees.
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Relative advantages are one of the organizational factors which refer to the effect of operating costs and increased operating profits for banks. The relative advantage of cloud computing includes capital costs, capacity, agility, implementation, reliability, compatibility, ease of use and flexibility (Lin & Chen, 2012). Premkumar and Roberts (1999) show that relative advantages are effective on business, leading to adoption of new information technology. One of the organizational factors is sufficient resources, which plays an important role in adoption of new technologies (Chang et al., 2007). Sufficient funds, human resources and enough time are the organizational resources needed. One of the most important topics in adoption and implementation of new technology is senior management support; despite favorable conditions, lack of senior management support fails the adoption of new technology (Lian et al. 2014). Cloud computing requires to a wide variety of investments in areas such as hardware, software and system integration which are considerably costly. Given the broad nature of these costs, this factor can be critical in adoption of cloud computing in e-banking (Alkhalil et al., 2017; Lian et al.,